The choroid plexuses are small organs that protrude into each brain ventricle producing cerebrospinal fluid that constantly bathes the brain. These organs differentiate early in development just after neural closure at a stage when the brain is little vascularized. In recent years the plexus has been shown to have a much more active role in brain development than previously appreciated thereby ...

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle consists of two symmetrical parts located in the roof of the ventricle and protruding through its openings, the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. The arteries supplying the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle are difficult to approach because of their deep location within the cerebellopontine angles and the cerebellomedullary fissure. They originate...

Introduction: The present study aims to evaluate the Three-Dimensional Diffusion-Weighted reversed fast imaging with steady state free precession (3D DW-PSIF) sequence with respect to imaging of the peripheral nerves; the tibial, medial, and lateral plantar nerves in the lower extremity, ulnar and median nerve in the upper extremity, sciatic nerve, brachial plexus, and lumbosacral plexus, and a...

Imaging of the brachial plexus in infants and young children with birth-related brachial palsy may become more frequent in view of recent renewed interest in the surgical repair of these injuries [1). The usefulness of MR for imaging the brachial plexus has been described recently [2, 3). MR may provide an alternative, noninvasive means of studying patients with obstetric palsy. To our knowledg...

Continuous brachial plexus nerve block catheters are commonly inserted for postoperative analgesia after upper extremity surgery. Modifications of the insertion technique have been described to improve the safety of placing an infraclavicular brachial plexus catheter. Rarely, these catheters may become damaged or entrapped, complicating their removal. We describe a case of infraclavicular brach...

Blood vascular beds of the rat pituitary intermediate lobes were reproduced by injection of low viscosity methacrylate media, and then observed with a scanning electron microscope. Although the intermediate lobes of newborn and pubescent rat were poorly vascularized, the adult rat intermediate lobe contained numerous capillaries forming a fairly independent network whose density, however, was n...

OBJECTIVE Vasa vasorum are angiogenic in advanced stages of human atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemic mouse models. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is the predominant angiogenic growth factor in the adventitia and plaque of hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient/apolipoprotein B(100/100) mice (DKO). FGF-2 seems to play a role in the formation of a distinct vasa ...

OBJECTIVE This is a retrospective review of 22 surgically treated benign and malignant tumors of brachial plexus region to describe clinical presentation, the characteristics of brachial plexus tumor and clinical outcomes with a literature review. METHODS Twenty-one patients with consecutive 22 surgeries for primary brachial plexus tumors were enrolled between February 2002 and November 2011 ...

Comment on 'Capnography as an aid in localizing the phrenic nerve in brachial plexus surgery. Technical note' Bhagat H, Agarwal A, Sharma MSJournal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury 2008, 3:14 (22 May 2008).