In an experiment eliciting noun-noun compounds, participants were more likely to produce plural nouns in the first position (e.g., mice trap) when presented with an irregular plural in the stimulus (e.g., a trap for catching mice is a _____) than when presented with stimuli containing regular plurals (e.g., a trap for catching rats is a _____). When they did produce a normatively correct singul...

Surface topography measurement methods using SEM with plural detectors are analyzed as an application field * . of photometric stereo. Plural-detector methods use images from several detectors. These images correspond to ordinary images made with the light source in different positions. SEMs are usually treated as a field for application of shape from shading, but we shodld consider that detect...

Dëne S né (short: Dëne), an Athapaskan language of Northern Canada, does not have any number-related grammatical categories in the nominal domain. Word order is SOV; nominals are optional (Cook 2004, Rice & Saxon 2005). The language lacks articles, case markers, etc., so that when nominal constituents occur, they are often bare nouns. (1) shows bare noun subjects, objects, and postpositional ob...

Consider the contrast in interpretation between the examples in (1) and (2) below. While example (1) is compatible with events that unfold in very different ways, the addition of one by one in (2) constrains how the leaving events can proceed. Intuitively, one by one is an event modifier that targets a plural participant in the event. More precisely, it breaks the event down into temporally seq...

Plainly, this judgment was prompted by the absence of agreement between the question's subject and verb. Efforts i s plural and 'requires the plural are, not the singular is. Belying its reputation as an effete detail, agreement i s a paradigm case ofwhat syntax does. Fundamentally, syntax ties together words that rep resent elements of nonlinguistic thought. The following example illustrates h...

Objects often define usage protocols that clients must follow in order for these objects to work properly. In the presence of aliasing, however, it is difficult to check whether all the aliases of an object properly coordinate to enforce the protocol. Plural is a type-based system that can soundly enforce challenging protocols even in concurrent programs. In this paper, we discuss how Plural su...

Although there is striking variation across languages (and even within a single language) in how the plural is formally expressed, it is relatively easy to indicate what plurality is from a morphological point of view: the plural is one of the instances of the inflectional category of number. From a semantic point of view, however, the concept of plurality is much more di↵use. To start with, th...

The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al. (1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues (Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic ...

The German plural system has become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. We present simulation results with three simple classifiers – an ordinary nearest neighbour algorithm, Nosofsky’s ‘Generalized Context Model’ (GCM) and a standard, three-layer backprop network – predicting the plural class from a phonological representation of the singular in G...