Stress during pregnancy has a wide variety of negative effects in both human [1] and animal offspring [2]. These effects are especially apparent in various forms of learning and memory such as object recognition [3] and spatial memory [4]. The cognitive effects of prenatal stress (PNS) may be mediated through epigenetic changes such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation [5]. As such, the p...

Do reminders of mortality increase or decrease perceptions of life's meaning? The authors propose that death-relevant thought has divergent effects on meaning perceptions depending on individuals' personal need for structure (PNS) or dispositional desire for structured knowledge. In prior research, high-PNS individuals primed with mortality-related stimuli were found to employ clearly structure...

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of electrical pelvic nerve stimulation (PNS) on recto-anal motility. The response to PNS was investigated in 8 alpha-1-chloralose anaesthetized pigs. Anal and rectal pressure and rectal cross sectional area (CSA) were recorded by manometry and impedance planimetry, respectively. A new probe design allows measurements of CSA at 5 different locat...

Planetary Nebulae (PNs) in the Magellanic Clouds offer the unique opportunity to study both the population and evolution of lowand intermediate-mass stars, in an environment that is free of the distance scale bias and the differential reddening that hinder the observations of the Galactic sample. The study of LMC and SMC PNs also offers the direct comparison of stellar populations with differen...

BACKGROUND Pen needles (PNs) are essential for insulin injections using pen devices. PN characteristics affect patients' injection experience. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a new extra-thin wall (XTW) PN versus usual PNs on overall patient preference, ease of injection, perceived time to complete the full dose, thumb button force to deliver the injection, and ...

In this article, we propose a novel technique of digital predistortion (DPD) for dual-band power amplifiers (PAs) based on the periodically nonuniform sampling (PNS) theory. contrast to conventional DPD (2-D-DPD) models, proposed sampled (PNS-DPD) has only single input, which can largely reduce model complexity. We fold two stimuli with aliasing and feed them simple single-band model. The desir...

Background. The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it dominated by glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties make essential contributions to functional this tissue. Hyaluronan has a relatively simple structure but its space-filling ensure micro-compartments are maintained brain ultrastructure, ensuring ionic niches gradients for ...

The establishment of anatomically stereotyped axonal projections is fundamental to neuronal function. While most neurons project their axons within the central nervous system (CNS), only axons of centrally born motoneurons and peripherally born sensory neurons link the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) together by navigating through specialized CNS/PNS transition zones. Such selective res...

The antennal lobe (AL) is the primary structure in the Drosophila brain that relays odor information from the antennae to higher brain centers. The characterization of uniglomerular projection neurons (PNs) and some local interneurons has facilitated our understanding of olfaction; however, many other AL neurons remain unidentified. Because neuron types are mostly specified by lineage and tempo...