Niacin, a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B group, has been known to cause various problems in the human body when deficient. The vitamin is derived from the diet and afterwards, niacin and its metabolites are secreted in blood or urine. It can be analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry, but niacin and its metabolites are very polar compounds. Recen...

Carotenoid compositions of two freshwater Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and of their common acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus were characterized. The effect of carotenoid uptake by the parasite was addressed by comparing the carotenoid content of uninfected and infected female hosts. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), co-chromatography of reference pigments a...

A novel approach for the authentication of olive oil samples representing different quality grades has been developed. A new type of ion source, direct analysis in real time (DART), coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was employed for the comprehensive profiling of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and/or polar compounds extracted with a methanol-water mixture. The main ...

The aim of this research was to identify the volatile metabolites produced in different organs (leaves, stem and roots) of Polygonum minus, an important essential oil producing crop in Malaysia. Two methods of extraction have been applied: Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately, 77 metabolites have been i...

Standardization is the process of determining properties based on certain parameters to achieve same degree quality. The extract was standardized with two parameters, namely specific and non-specific parameters. So that efficacy quality this soka flower can be guaranteed, it necessary meet a standard for product/extract material by standardizing extract. carried out so uniform raw materials obt...

Affinity polymeric adsorbents useful for the separation of compounds which are derivatives of phenols, heterocycles and other compounds containing two polar moieties were prepared by a covalent imprinting approach. Such separation, for example, would facilitate the analytical detection and quantification of each individual compound especially when present in complex sample matrix. The synthetic...

When growing on N(2), actinomycetes from the genus Frankia form multicellular structures that contain nitrogenase. The structures are referred to as vesicles and are indistinguishable from vesicles formed when Frankia sp. are in root-nodule symbioses. Vesicles isolated from N(2)-grown cells of Frankia sp. strain CpI1 had a significantly higher amount and different composition of fatty acids tha...

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides which are composed of α (1,4) -linked glucopyranose subunits. Thebest-characterized forms are α, β and γ CD which are consisted of six, seven and eight D-glucose units, respectively. Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic degradation. These macrocyclic carbohydrates with polar internal cavities can form complexes with and ...

Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches aim to measure metabolites or lipids in the cell. Metabolite extraction is a key step in obtaining useful and reliable data for successful metabolite studies. Significant efforts have been made to identify the optimal extraction protocol for various platforms and biological systems, for both polar and non-polar metabolites. Here we report an approach utilizi...

Here, we present a study of polar residues within the membrane core of alpha-helical membrane proteins. As expected, polar residues are less frequent in the membrane than expected. Further, most of these residues are buried within the interior of the protein and are only rarely exposed to lipids. However, the polar groups often border internal water filled cavities, even if the rest of the side...