The research in the paper puts forward a novel method for synthesizing conformal arrays and optimizing low cross-polarizations including the effects of elements mutual coupling and mounted platform. Starting from the far-field superposition principle, an efficient approach with active element pattern technique is proposed to calculate the far-field patterns. A coordinate transform is used to cr...

The reflection of linearly polarized light from an ultrathin biaxially anisotropic dielectric film on an isotropic transparent material is investigated in the long-wavelength limit. The approximate expressions for the reflection characteristics of sand p-polarized electromagnetic plane waves are obtained. The analytical approach developed in this paper not only provides insight into the nature ...

Polarization has been always identified as a problem for Latin American democracies. Yet its determinants remain largely undertheorized and without systematic evidence. This paper tackles this shortcoming with a new explanation where polarization is conceptualized as a mobilizational tool used by parties to deliver unequivocal signals to voters about their location in the policy space. The expl...

These lectures introduce some of the basic theory of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization with the primary aim of developing the theory of CMB polarization from inflationary gravitational waves, as well as some of the related theory of weak gravitational lensing (cosmic shear) of CMB polarization. We begin with production of polarization by Thomson scattering. We then discuss tensor-h...

We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a high-speed, continuously tunable, and reset-free polarization controller based on nematic liquid-crystal (NLC) microcell wave plates fabricated directly between the tips of optical fibers. This controller utilizes a pulsed driving scheme and optimized NLC materials to achieve a stepwise switching speed of 1 deg/micros, for arbitrary rota...

Visual surveillance relies on visible light to convey information about the environment. An important but less utilized characteristic of light in surveillance is its polarization due to the transverse wave nature of electromagnetic waves. Although the predominant natural light source, the sun light, appear to be unpolarized, the light that actually enters a surveillance camera often has biased...

The analysis of the vector wave equation was conducted. The class of self-similar solutions with inhomogeneous polarization corresponding to the resonator modes is deduced. The modes with inhomogeneous polarization can be selected by a diffraction element with polarization selectivity used as one of the resonator mirrors. Diffraction elements with high polarization selectivity about 100% are ne...

It is proposed that polarization sensitivity at the most peripheral stages of the crayfish visual system (lamina ganglionaris and medulla externa) is used to enhance contrast and thus may contribute to motion detection in low contrast environments. The four classes of visual interneurons that exhibit polarization sensitivity (lamina monopolar cells, tangential cells, sustaining fibers and dimmi...

Neutron polarization can be used in two ways in inelastic scattering : (a) for the identification of scattering effects of magnetic origin, and (b) as a tool to measure the inelasticity itself, independently of the magnetic or non-magnetic character of the scattering. There are only few examples for the first kind of applications, but this number is expected to increase rapidly with the growing...

The nonlinear hysteresis behavior in ferroelectric materials, such as lithium tantalate and lithium niobate, may be explained by dynamical systems analysis. In a previous work, the polarization “domain wall width” was studied in terms of only spatial variation and eventually critical values of polarization were determined to derive the stability zone in the context of Landau-Ginzburg free energ...