We consider the defect size distributions at different stages of damage evolution, from the initial stage of defect nucleation and accumulation, through the intermediate stage of defect propagation and into the final stage leading to the appearance of the major crack. Critical events considered in this context are related to (a) the formation of microcracks exceeding the structural threshold as...

It is known that predictions about individuals from statistical data about the population are in general unreliable. However, the size of the problem is not always realised. For a number of ways of predicting information about one variable from another with which it is correlated, we compute the reliability of such predictions. For the bivariate normal distribution, we demonstrate that unless t...

Structural classifications aid the interpretation of proteins by describing degrees of structural and evolutionary relatedness. They have also recently revealed strikingly skewed distributions at all levels; for example, a small number of folds are far more common than others, and just a few superfamilies are known to have diverged widely. The classifications also provide an indication of the t...

The usual approach to characterizing and estimating multilocus associations in a diploid population assumes that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The purpose of this study is to develop a set of summary statistics that can be used to characterize and estimate the multilocus associations in a nonequilibrium population. The concept of "zygotic associations" is first expanded to fa...

In this paper we initiate the study of populations of agents with very limited capabilities that are globally able to compute order statistics of their arithmetic input values via pair-wise meetings. To this extent, we introduce the Arithmetic Population Protocol (APP) model, embarking from the well known Population Protocol (PP) model and inspired by two recent papers [1, 11] in which states a...

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The objective of this study was to clarify the current status of endangered Kiso horse, population statistics and biological traits, in order to take a step for the conservation by scientific approach. We surveyed 125 Kiso horses (86.2% of the whole breed), analyzed the construction of the population, and calculated the coefficient of inbreeding and effective population size. Moreover, we confi...

Temporal coding of sensory information can arise through exogenous, stimulus-locked temporal patternings of spikes or through endogenous, stimulus-triggered temporal patterns of response [1, 2]. Phase-locking to stimulus waveforms permits strategies for stimulus localization that are based on temporal cross-correlation across sensory receptors and strategies for representation of form that are ...

In this paper, Pitman closeness of sample order statistics to population quantiles of a locationscale family of distributions is discussed. Explicit expressions are derived for some specific families such as uniform, exponential and power function. Numerical results are then presented for these families for sample sizes n = 10, 15, and for the choices of p = 0.10, 0.25, 0.75, 0.90. The Pitman-c...

This paper reviews recent research using Statistics Canada data to compare immigrant health with that of the Canadian-born. A number of Statistics Canada studies have been used for such comparisons, including the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey. Across the range of indicators studied, compared to the Canadian-born, immigrants are generally in as good o...