Theoretical models of social learning predict that animals should copy others in variable environments where resource availability is relatively unpredictable. Although short-term exposure to unpredictable conditions in adulthood has been shown to encourage social learning, virtually nothing is known concerning whether and how developmental conditions affect social information use. Unpredictabl...

Dispersal is a major determinant of the dynamics and genetic structure of populations, and its consequences depend not only on average dispersal rates and distances, but also on the characteristics of dispersing and philopatric individuals. We investigated whether natal dispersal correlated with a predisposed behavioural trait: exploratory behaviour in novel environments. Wild great tits were c...

BACKGROUND Postnatal depression is a public health problem requiring intervention. To provide effective care, information is needed on the experiences of those with high levels of depressive symptoms who are offered and accept, or decline, psychological intervention postnatally. AIM To provide the first integrated in-depth exploration of postnatal women's experiences of the identification and...

Plenty of evidence suggests that childhood separation anxiety (CSA) predisposes the subject to adult-onset panic disorder (PD). As well, panic is frequently comorbid with both anxiety and depression. The brain mechanisms whereby CSA predisposes to PD are but completely unknown in spite of the increasing evidence that panic attacks are mediated at midbrain's dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DP...

this is a field study, done with the purpose of detecting awareness rate of midwifery students about the prenatal, intrapartal, post partal care of women suffering from aids in the nursing and midwifery faculties in medical university science ministry of heath and medical teaching in tehran city (iran, 1993).   in this research multi stage random sampling method was used, and 124 of third and f...

Elemental signatures in both the natal and post-settlement regions of otoliths from newly settled Pomacentrus coelestis were measured from multiple sites, reefs, years and reef clusters at different latitudes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Significant differences in latitude and year were found for Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca in the post-settlement portion of the otoliths, and discriminant function ...

Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on learning and memory parameters were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the mother's diet by 50% during the entire gestation period, whereas postnatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restriction of their diet by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females for ...