The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a potential target for gait disorders. We report 4 cases of bilateral PPN stimulation in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients with short-term (6 months) and long-term (18 months) follow-ups. Patients with PSP who had gait disturbances, but were able to walk with or without assistance, were selected. The patients' median age was 64 years and the dis...

Pallido-nigro-luysial atrophy (PNLA) is a rare disorder that in many cases has histopathological features similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In a pathological series of over 400 cases of PSP, eight cases were noted to have features similar to those described in PNLA, including severe atrophy and neuronal loss in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, in add...

We have identified two groups of patients with clinically typical and atypical, pathologically diagnosed progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and investigated their genetic and molecular pathological characteristics. Those with clinically typical PSP are more likely to have the PSP susceptibility genotype and to have the deposition of PSP-type hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The clinically at...

Astrocyte cells form the largest cell population in brain and can influence neuron behavior. These provide appropriate feedback control regulating neuronal activities Central Nervous System (CNS). This paper presents a set of equations as model to describe interactions between neurons astrocyte. A VHDL–AMS-based tripartite synapse that includes pre-synaptic neuron, synaptic terminal, post-synap...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging plate for diagnosis of endodontic complications. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-two human mandibular teeth were used, including 24 incisors/canines, 24 premolars, and 24 molars. Three images were taken from each group of teeth...

PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer is a major protein of boar seminal plasma which is able to preserve, in vitro, the viability, motility, and mitochondrial activity of highly extended boar spermatozoa for at least 5 hours. However, little is known about the binding pattern of the heterodimer to the sperm plasma membrane and its eventual relation with the maintenance of the sperm functionality. The prese...

Neurofibrillary tangles composed of exon 10+ microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) deposits are the characteristic feature of the neurodegenerative diseases progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). PSP, CBD and more recently Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are associated with the MAPT H1 haplotype, but the relationship between genotype and disea...

DYT1 early-onset generalized torsion dystonia (DYT1 dystonia) is an inherited movement disorder caused by mutations in one allele of DYT1 (TOR1A), coding for torsinA. The most common mutation is a trinucleotide deletion (ΔGAG), which causes a deletion of a glutamic acid residue (ΔE) in the C-terminal region of torsinA. Although recent studies using cultured cells suggest that torsinA contribute...

Chemical synapses are sites of contact and information transfer between a neuron and its partner cell. Each synapse is a specialized junction, where the presynaptic cell assembles machinery for the release of neurotransmitter, and the postsynaptic cell assembles components to receive and integrate this signal. Synapses also exhibit plasticity, during which synaptic function and/or structure are...