Four days after cranial trauma, a 41-year-old man presented with fever, headache, confusion, and neck stiffness. He had received antibiotics in an outside hospital for these symptoms. There was no history of CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea or chronic suppurative otitis media. He underwent cranial diffusion weighted MRI (Figures 1A & 1B), post contrast T1 weighted image (Figure 1C), apparent diffusio...

post-traumatic epileptic seizure is a common complication of brain trauma including military injuries. we present clinical characteristics and correlates of post-traumatic epilepsy in 163 head-injured veterans suffering from intractable epilepsy due to blunt or penetrating head injuries sustained during the iraq-iran war. the medical records of 163 war veterans who were admitted by the epilepsy...

Background: Headache and epilepsy are two common chronic and recurrent disorders. Headache may be a premonitory or postdromic symptom of epileptic seizures. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and tension type headache in epileptic patients. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 patients with epilepsy who referred to the neurology clini...

Postpartum headache is described as headache and neck or shoulder pain during the first 6 weeks after delivery. Common causes of headache in the puerperium are migraine headache and tension headache; other causes include pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, post-dural puncture headache, cortical vein thrombosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, brain tumor, cerebr...

BACKGROUND Cervicogenic headache descriptors include its unilateral nature, "signs and symptoms linking it to the neck," and trauma of the neck. Since the pain often occurs over the C2 or C3 nerve root, we used a modification of the deep cervical block technique for treatment of this refractory type headache. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a modified deep cervical block for treatment ...

The syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension is characterised by postural headache, low CSF pressure, and MRI findings of diVuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement without a history of head or back trauma or lumbar puncture. We report on the MRI findings of a patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, before and after treatment. A 44 year old woman presented with severe subac...

Arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions developing from arachnoid membrane. The incidence of arachnoid cysts in the general population is around 0.1% and their most common place is middle fossa. Arachnoid cysts usually present during childhood and are identified incidentally. When symptomatic, the most common presentation includes headache and seizure. The popular treatment for this lesion is su...

An 88-year-old woman with an undiagnosed chronic subdural haematoma underwent emergency repair of a femoral hernia under spinal anaesthesia. The patient complained of headache postoperatively, and a subsequent computed tomography brain scan showed an acute-on-chronic subdural haematoma, with midline shift and impending coning. The patient recovered completely after surgical decompression. The d...

Approximately one-half of the adult population worldwide is affected by a headache disorder. The International Headache Society classification and diagnostic criteria can help physicians differentiate primary headaches (e.g., tension, migraine, cluster) from secondary headaches (e.g., those caused by infection or vascular disease). A thorough history and physical examination, and an understandi...

Traumatized teeth can bleed internally, causing discoloration over time. When this occurs in the smile zone, masking the dark colorations can present challenges when attempting to practice conservative cosmetic dentistry. Implementing nonvital bleaching can significantly improve the dark colorations of the traumatized teeth and support very conservative cosmetic dentistry. Effective communicati...