background: this paper offers mortality risk rankings for iranian mortality data. it extends methods to include mixed co­horts, tests changes in mortality risks, compares measures of risk and discusses public policy implications. methods: the methodology used in risk measures takes current practice and extends it to include variations in population dy­nam­ics. the specification is presented and...

BackgroundThe Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to cancer can be a more illustrative index. to promote preventive and therapeutic services, this study aimed to investigate the childhood cancer mortality and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Material and Method Data obtained from death registration system of the healthcare center were used to calculate ...

Cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke are associated with premature death from chronic diseases, economic losses to society, and a substantial burden on the United States health-care system. Smoking is the primary causal factor for at least 30% of all cancer deaths, for nearly 80% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and for early cardiovascular disease and deaths. In...