Determining the geochemistry in the remote hostile Martian environment requires sensors specifically designed to meet such a unique challenge. We report here on the initial development, considerations, and a prototype array of electrochemical sensors for measuring in-situ a variety of ionic species in the Martian soil (regolith). The sensor array consists mainly of potentiometric ion selective ...

A novel ion selective PVC membrane electrode for determination of propranolol is developed. Silicotungstic acid is used as the counter ion and diisononyl phthalate (DNP) used as the plastizer. The electrode exhibits excellent potential response properties, showing a Nernstian response in the concentration of 3.0 × 10–6 ~ 2.6 × 10–2 M with the slope of 54.7 mV per decade, shorter conditioning ti...

This work describes the use of an array of potentiometric sensors and an artificial neural network response model to determine perchlorate and sulfide ions in polluted waters, by what is known as an electronic tongue. Sensors used have been all-solid-state PVC membrane selective electrodes, where their ionophores were different metal-phtalocyanine complexes with specific and anion generic respo...

The application of a linear algebraic method to the potentiometric titration of a mixture of tartaric and citric acids and sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate (previously treated with strong acid), permits the determination of the concentration of each individual acid and the total equivalent of carbonate in antacids. It is also possible to determine individual concentrations of sodi...

Different hexoprenaline (Hx(2)SO(4)) conventional and coated wire electrodes were constructed and evaluated. Membranes were based on hexoprenalinium phosphotungstate (Hx-PTA) and hexporenalinium phosphomolybdate (Hx-PMA). The electrodes were fully characterized in terms of their composition, response time, life span, pH, and temperature and then were applied to the potentiometric determination ...

A robust voltammetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in pharmaceutical iron polysaccharidic complexes. Undesirable low molecular weight iron complexes, at concentration about 3% in the pharmaceutical formulation, can be easily determined with good accuracy and precision. This methodology can be proposed as a viable, environmentally sustainabl...