Although hundreds of studies have documented the association between family poverty and children's health, achievement, and behavior, few measure the effects of the timing, depth, and duration of poverty on children, and many fail to adjust for other family characteristics (for example, female headship, mother's age, and schooling) that may account for much of the observed correlation between p...

The relative poverty measure is the most prominent and most–quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators. This paper argues that, while pragmatically defensible in the pre–enlargement setting, the estimates and relative rankings the below–60%–of–median–income measure produces in the enlarged EU context is stretching its validity, credibility and hence legitimacy as a prime indicator to an unten...

To examine poverty and inequality, we need a measure of well-being. Ideally, this measure should correspond as closely as possible to the way individuals experience their standards of living, including the effects of access to social services; social stigma; stress; insecurity; vulnerability; and social exclusion. Here we focus only on material well-being, which we measure using information on ...

BACKGROUND Disease has become one of the key causes of falling into poverty in rural China. The poor households are even more likely to suffer. The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) has been implemented to provide rural residents financial protection against health risks. This study aims to assess the effect of the NCMS on alleviating health payment-induced poverty in the Shaanxi Province o...

This paper reviews trends in poverty since the late 1960s. Poverty is as prevalent now as it was then. A good deal about the nature of poverty and our efforts to deal with it, however, has changed. The paper has three major themes. First, we note that urban poverty is no longer a predominantly black issue; the composition of the urban poor has changed considerably since the late 1960s. Second, ...

Since the end of the 1990s, poverty, precariousness, exclusion, integration or reintegration have been at the heart of all the social debates. Many surveys have been carried out with homeless populations, people living below the poverty line or the unemployed, with the particular objective of studying the interactions between their living conditions and their state of health. It is in this cont...

According to Ravallion1 84 % of China’s population lived below the international poverty line of $1.25 per day in 1981, when only four countries, Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Mali and Uganda had a higher headcount index than China. However, The Economist (Jun 1st 2013) shows that China pulled 680 million people out of misery and reduced its extreme-poverty rate to 10% through economic growth in the ...

INTRODUCTION Rural Road connectivity is a key component of rural development, since it promotes access to economic and social services, thereby generating increased agricultural productivity, non-agriculture employment as well as non-agricultural productivity, which in turn expands rural growth opportunities and real income through which poverty can be reduced. A study (Fan et al. 1999) carried...

Census data (see Table 3) underscore the fact that femaleheaded households and persons living independently are disproportionately represented among the poor. In 1979, three-fourths of the American population lived in families headed by men, but only 40 percent of the poor did so. About 37 percent of those below the poverty line lived in provide one answer, Bane used a counterfactual: if the ho...

Preface This report presents an up-to-date analysis of poverty patterns and trends in Ghana, based on the results of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS). The GLSS is a multi-topic household survey, designed to provide comprehensive information on the living standards of Ghanaian households. So far, four rounds have been completed each round covering a nationally representative sample of ho...