The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a green energy producer which converts chemical energy to electricity in high yield. Alternatively, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is one of the best rechargeable batteries because of its capability to average loads and output power sources. These two systems are modeled by Nernst equation and electrochemical rules. An effective energy gene...

A versatile integrated circuit timer for intermittent suction, animal-baited insect traps is described. Various attributes of this circuit include continuously and independently variable on and off periods, extremely low power consumption, accurate timing range from microseconds through hours, operation on 5-17 VDC, and miniaturization.

There are a lot of ways to achieve large current pulse power supply, and the more common way is to adopt the inverter switching circuit to achieve pulse power supply. The core of the NC power supply design of large current and wide frequency pulse in SEAM is using two-stage modulation. Combined with inverter technology, DC chopper technology and NC technology, it not only can achieve the adjust...

Modern integrated circuits (ICs) are becoming an integrated parts of analog, digital, and radio frequency (RF) circuits. Testing these RF circuits on a chip is an important task, not only for fabrication quality control but also for tuning RF circuit elements to fit multi-standard wireless systems. In this paper, RF test circuits suitable for embedded testing are introduced: RF power detectors,...

Power has become one of the circuit implementation bottleneck for modern integrated design. As technology advances, system on chip can have more and more components that lead to higher power density. This paper includes the survey onvarious techniques used for implementation of low power systems.

A 128-channel pulse-swallow frequency synthesizer includes a 3-mW VCO, a 2.2-mW 16/17 dual-modulus prescaler, a 9-b program counter, and a 7-b swallow counter. The circuit is fully integrated with the exception of the loop-filter capacitor. The ECL prescaler incorporates current sharing and circuit stacking techniques to reduce power consumption. Fabricated in a 1m, 20-GHz BiCMOS process, the c...

Recent progress in silicon nanophotonics has dramatically advanced the possible realization of large-scale on-chip optical interconnects integration. Adopting photons as information carriers can break the performance bottleneck of electronic integrated circuit such as serious thermal losses and poor process rates. However, in integrated photonics circuits, few reported work can impose an upper ...

This paper presents the design of a low-power voltage reference, bias current and the supply voltage for a 9-bit fully differential ADC. The references, power supply circuits and the ADC are integrated in one circuit, i.e. chip. The proposed chip is implemented in the UMC 0.18 μm CMOS process and occupies 800×700 μm. The circuit supply voltage V DD is obtained from the external RF signal. When ...