PON system has expanded extensively as an optical network in the construction of FTTH economically. As shown in Fig. 1, PON architecture allows a signal transmitted over a single optical fiber from the telephone exchange office to be shared with multiple users, hence achieving cost reduction per subscriber. Planar lightwave circuit (PLC), an optical splitter is a key to realize the branching of...

A practical problem that arises when using acousto-optic modulators sAOMsd to scan the laser frequency is the dependence of the beam diffraction angle on the modulation frequency. Alignment problems with AOM-modulated laser beams can be effectively eliminated by using the AOM in the double-pass configuration, which compensates for beam deflections. On a second pass through the AOM, the beam wit...

Silicon beam splitters several millimeters thick offer numerous advantages over thin freestanding dielectric beam splitters. For routine spectroscopy for which resolutions of better than 1 cm(-1) are not required, a silicon beam splitter can replace several Mylar beam splitters to span the entire far-infrared region. In addition to superior long-wavelength performance that extends well into the...

Spin interferometry of the 4th order for independent polarized as well as unpolarized photons arriving simultaneously at a beam splitter and exhibiting spin correlation while leaving it, is formulated and discussed in the quantum approach. Beam splitter is recognized as a source of genuine singlet photon states. Also, typical nonclassical beating between photons taking part in the interference ...

Although silicon photonic devices provide a significantly larger bandwidth and dissipate a substantially less power than the electronic devices, they suffer from a large size due to the fundamental diffraction limit and the weak optical response of Si. A potential solution is to exploit Si plasmonics, which may not only miniaturize the photonic device far beyond the diffraction limit, but also ...

This paper presents a new design for 1 × 4 optical power splitter using multimode interference (MMI) coupler in silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip waveguide structures. The main functionality of the proposed is to use Si3N4 dealing with back reflection (BR) effect that usually happens (Si) MMI devices due self-imaging and higher index contrast between Si dioxide (SiO2). optimal device parameters wer...