We consider a (static) portfolio system that satisfies adding-up constraints and the gross substitution theorem. We show the relationship of the two conditions to the weak dominant diagonal property of the matrix of interest rate elasticities. This enables us to investigate the impact of simultaneous changes in interest rates on the asset demands.

We propose a method for reusing and modifying a deductive database. The need for such techniques occurs when new rulebased applications differ only slightly from existing ones or when an application is to be incrementally updated. Such techniques are particularly important when reprogramming is expensive or unreliable. In order to facilitate reuse, we extend deductive database systems by the co...

Abstract The constant elasticity of substitution (CES for short) is a basic property widely used in some areas economics that involves system second-order nonlinear partial differential equations. One the most remarkable results mathematical states under homogeneity condition i.e. production function homogeneous certain degree, there are no other models with CES apart from famous Cobb–Douglas a...

In this paper we propose a Weak Lambda Calculus called λPw having explicit operators for Pattern Matching and Substitution. This formalism is able to specify functions defined by cases via pattern matching constructors as done by most modern functional programming languages such as OCAML. We show the main property enjoyed by λPw, namely subject reduction, confluence and strong normalization.

This paper presents a contribution to minimization of intuitionistic fuzzy automata. In this paper the concept of substitution property (SP) partition for a finite intuitionistic fuzzy automaton is formulated, and the quotient automaton with respect to an SP partition is defined.

Anthocyanidins were synthesized to study the effect of methoxy substitution on the B ring to their antioxidant property. Comparative FRAP studies show 2'- and 4'-methoxy substituents have higher antioxidant activities, which may be attributed to both resonance and inductive effects.Graphical abstract:Anthocyanidins as reducing agents.

Using the fact that the class of representable cylindric algebras of infinite dimension fails to have the amalgamation property, we solve an open problem in the monograph “Cylindric Algebras, Part I” by Henkin, Monk and Tarski. Our result applies to other algebras of logic, namely Pinter’s substitution algebras and Halmo’s quasi-polyadic algebras.

objective: the present study was an attempt to study total phenolic content and antioxidant property of the crude ethanolic extract of the roots of azadirachta indica (a. indica). materials and methods: to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the crude extract, some complementary test systems, namely dpph free radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and ferrous ion chelating ability a...

The adequacy of substitution matrices to model evolutionary relationships between amino acid sequences can be numerically evaluated by checking the mathematical property of triangle inequality for all triplets of residues. By converting substitution scores into distances, one can verify that a direct path between two amino acids is shorter than a path passing through a third amino acid in the a...