Visual inspection of acetic acid (IVA) is a simple method detecting abnormal cell changes in the cervix (cervix) that may indicate presence precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. Factors such as stigmatization, myths false beliefs associated with examination, taboos against examining female reproductive organs hinder participation. This study aimed to determine factors influence women's parti...

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer in women worldwide (zur Hausen et al., 2002). In recent years, this disease has increased gradually in China; therefore, it is very important to establish early detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which is the precursor of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. It is a major challenge in screenin...

Four-fifths of the cervical cancer burden in the world is experienced in developing countries. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 account for 70 per cent of cervical cancers and currently available vaccines targeting these two types confer a high degree of protection against HPV 16/18 infection and related cervical precancerous lesions. However, widespread implementation of HPV vaccination programs are ch...