The precautionary principle is a widely recognized approach in policy-making across various fields, emphasizing preventive action situations of uncertain potential harm. However, its full remains unrealized due to implementation challenges. Our study analyzes policies related face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by significant uncertainty, time pressure, and potentially c...

Trade in safe and healthy foods is essential for businesses, authorities consumers throughout the world. When drafting food policies, states should ensure that they provide protection people’s lives health, as well saving social economic interests on a national international level. Over last few decades, scientific developments technological innovations have enabled us to achieve extraordinary ...

Until recently, regulatory authorities in developed countries used a “standard” model for analyzing health risks from food, developed to investigate other technological risks. We will begin by reviewing the characteristics and principal options of that model. Since the early 1980’s, a number of reported dysfunctions in the food chain have caused public opinion in several countries to become inc...

Ethics tells us: do good and do no harm and invokes the norms of justice, equity and respect for autonomy in protecting and promoting health and well-being. The Precautionary Principle, a contemporary re-definition of Bradford Hill's case for action, gives us a common sense rule for doing good by preventing harm to public health from delay: when in doubt about the presence of a hazard, there sh...

The Collegium Ramazzini endorses the use of the Precautionary Principle for protecting human health and sustainability of the environment. The Precautionary Principle brings foresight and transparency to situations with high stakes, uncertain scientific evidence, and disputed values, but where decisions on policy are needed before additional knowledge can be generated. The Precautionary Princip...

The precautionary principle is increasingly discussed in debates about threats to health and the environment, particularly when government actions might inhibit free trade. It is gaining recognition as an overarching principle of decision-making, one that underlies efforts for sustainable development. Pronouncements about the precautionary principle have focused generally on the responsibility ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated organic compounds that were first synthesised in the laboratory in 1881. By 1899 a pathological condition named chloracne had been identified, a painful disfiguring skin disease that affected people employed in the chlorinated organic industry. Mass production of PCBs for commercial use started in 1929. Thirty-seven years elapsed before PCBs beca...

Despite the degree of qualification, the principle so defined allows substantial breadth for interpretation. Moreover, although probably the most commonly cited formulation (due to its status), Principle 15 is one of many which might legitimately be cited as representing the precautionary principle. This diversity, and in some cases, divergence of definitions has undoubtedly contributed to the ...