Precipitation is very important to the formation of runoff, and studying of runoff variation and its response to precipitation has practical significance to sustainable utilization of water resources. The study used Mann-Kendall test, anomaly accumulation method, and precipitation elasticity of runoff method to analyze the changes in the relation of precipitation and runoff and the contribution...

Salinity in agricultutal terms is the excess of salts above the level plant require. Most often it poses constrains in the growth hence productivity of the category of plants called glycophytes, wherein falls major crops, therefore is a serious concern. It is often recognized as excess of sodium ions (sodicity) that imparts life threatening consequences in plant due to mal-textured soil hindere...

[1] Auroral substorms are the result of a complex process involving coupling between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere. In this study, the objective is to understand the processes that precede what is perhaps the most fundamental aspect, the brightening of a preexisting arc at onset. The notion that this brightening provides an indicator of substorm onset remains one of the few aspec...

Resilience is a fundamental concept for vegetation health. The increasing drought frequency and severity may pose severe threat to resilience. However, it still not clear how resilience evolving in response climate change pivotal biographical zones. Here, we examined the changes terms of leaf area index (LAI, an indicator canopy structure) gross primary productivity (GPP, carbon uptake) respond...

Precipitation, in meteorology, is defined as any product, liquid or solid, of atmospheric water vapor that is accumulated onto the earth’s surface. Water, and thus precipitation, has a major impact on our daily livelihood. As such, the uncertainty of both the future occurrence and amount of precipitation can have a negative impact on many sectors of our economy, especially agriculture. There is...

Background: Mature landfill leachate is a complicated mixture which is resistant to biological treatment processes. The treatment of mature landfill leachate by struvite precipitation and Fenton oxidation was the main objective of the current research. Methods: Struvite with the phosphate/ammonia/magnesium molar ratio of 1/1/1.05 was considered during all experiments. Five initial pHs of 3, 4, ...

This study investigates changes in temporal trends and spatial patterns of precipitation in Beijing over the last six decades. These changes are discussed in the context of rapid urbanization and the growing imbalance between water supply and demand in Beijing. We observed significant decreases in precipitation amounts from 1950 to 2012, with the annual precipitation decreasing by 32% at a deca...

Trend analysis and estimation of monthly and annual precipitation, reference evapotranspiration ETo, and rainfall deficit are essential for water-resources management and cropping-system design. Rainfall, ETo, and water-deficit patterns and trends at Macon in eastern Mississippi for a 120-yr period (1894–2014) were analyzed for annual, seasonal, and monthly periods. The analysis showed historic...

A previous reconstruction back to 800 ce indicated that the 2000–2018 soil moisture deficit in southwestern North America was exceeded during one megadrought late-1500s. Here, we show after exceptional drought severity 2021, ~19% of which is attributable anthropogenic climate trends, 2000–2021 driest 22-yr period since at least 800. This will very likely persist through 2022, matching duration ...

In El Niño developing summer, Northern China shows reduced precipitation. The underlying mechanism is investigated through an analysis on the regional moisture and moist static energy budget. It shown that thermodynamic effect in relation to water vapour changes increases wetness, but it much smaller than dynamic anomalies of atmospheric circulation. anomalous vertical descent term particularly...