The study of precipitation in different phases is important to understanding the physical processes that occur in storms, as well as to improving their representation in numerical weather prediction models. A 2D video disdrometer was deployed about 30 km from a polarimetric weather radar in Norman, Oklahoma, (KOUN) to observe winter precipitation events during the 2006/07 winter season. These e...

A model is developed to predict the precipitation kinetics and strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg alloys during non-isothermal treatments consisting of controlled heating and cooling. The prediction of the precipitation kinetics is based on the Kampmann and Wagner model. The precipitation strengthening by the shearable Cu–Mg co-clusters is modelled on the basis of the modulus strengthening mechanism and...

This study evaluated the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast bias in different precipitation (light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain and very heavy rain) by comparing the ground-based observations in three countries. Then the correlations between GFS precipitation forecast errors and the aerosol loading are investigated extensively to examin...

Gridded precipitation data are becoming an important source for driving hydrologic models to achieve stable and valid simulation results in different regions. Thus, evaluating different sources of precipitation data is important for improving the applicability of gridded data. In this study, we used three gridded rainfall datasets: 1) National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Climate Foreca...

This paper describes techniques used operationally by the National Weather Service (NWS) to prepare gridded multisensor (gauge, radar, and satellite) quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) for input into hydrologic forecast models and decisionmaking systems for river forecasting, flood and flash flood warning, and other hydrologic monitoring purposes. Advanced hydrologic prediction techniq...

Species assemblage in a local community is determined by the interplay of evolutionary and ecological processes. The Tropical Niche Conservatism hypothesis proposes mechanisms underlying patterns of biodiversity in biological communities along environmental gradients. This hypothesis predicts that, among other things, clades in areas with warm or wet environments are, on average, older than tho...

We present a reformulation of the Bristow±Campbell model for daily solar radiation, developed using daily observations of radiation, temperature, humidity, and precipitation, from 40 stations in contrasting climates. By expanding the original model to include a spatially and temporally variable estimate of clear-sky transmittance, and applying a small number of other minor modi®cations, the new...

The high-impact precipitation events that regularly affect the western Mediterranean coastal regions are still difficult to predict with the current prediction systems. Bearing this in mind, this paper focuses on the superensemble technique applied to the precipitation field. Encouraged by the skill shown by a previous multiphysics ensemble prediction system applied to western Mediterranean pre...

Simplifications used in regional climate models decrease the accuracy of the regional climate models. To overcome this deficiency, usually a statistical technique of MOS is used to improve the skill of gridded outputs of the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In this paper, an experimental synoptic-climatology based method has been used to calibrate, and decrease amount of errors in GFS...

accurate quantitative precipitation forecasts (qpfs) have been always a demanding and challenging job in numerical weather prediction (nwp). the outputs of ensemble prediction systems (epss) in the form of probability forecasts provide a valuable tool for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (pqpfs). in this research, different configurations of wrf and mm5 meso-scale models form ...