This work shows the observed changes in sample permeability and fracture geometry that occur within a fractured piece of low permeability shale with different effective stress gradients applied to the plug sample. These observations were made using an in-situ micro-CT fluid flow imaging apparatus with a carbon fibre Hassler-type core holder. Changes within the preferential fluid flow path under...

The vegetated filter strip model (VFSMOD) was used to investigate the effect of GreenAmpt infiltration parameters (found with different estimation techniques) on sediment and water trapping in vegetated filters of varying soil types. Field-measured and empirically-estimated infiltration parameters were compared. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kk) values were calculated with an inverse ...

Two cases are reported of truncus arteriosus communis arising entirely from the right ventricle and associated with interruption in one case and tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch in the other. A haemodynamic hypothesis of preferential blood flow is proposed to explain this rare association.

The phenomena of stress-induced (or flow-induced, strain-induced, force-induced) crystallization is characterized by the preferential of orientation of polymer segments along the direction of applied force. Many researches report that the drawing and spinning process would increase the crystallinity of polymeric materials, resulting in oriented segments that would explosively improve the crysta...

Usage of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] and glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxy-methylphosphinyl)butanoic acid] may reduce the environmental impact of agriculture because they are more strongly sorbed to soil and may be less toxic than many of the residual herbicides they replace. Preferential flow complicates the picture, because due to this process, even strongly sorbed chemicals can mo...

A two-dimensional pore-scale numerical model was developed to evaluate the dynamics of preferential flow paths in porous media caused by bioclogging. The liquid flow and solute transport through the pore network were coupled with a biofilm model including biomass attachment, growth, decay, lysis, and detachment. Blocking of all but one flow path was obtained under constant liquid inlet flow rat...

This chapter is concerned with nonmonotonicity and partiality in the theory of defeasible argumentation. In this theory, a defeasible proof (or argument) establishes warrant for a conclusion only if it is not defeated by better counterarguments. We introduce a formal theory of argumentation, in which the notion of abstract argumentation system is paramount. After that, we discuss the significan...