Design synthesis involves producing one or more design solutions. During preliminary design, the form of the design solution is identified such that a few key constraints are satisfed. This form is refined during detail*design such that all relevant constraints are satisfied. This paper describes a knowledge-based approach to preliminary design synthesis using constraint-directed search through...

In present decades, the need for a more efficient air transport system is driving towards electric aircraft subsystems. Electrified subsystems offer opportunity to optimize operational performance of systems by reducing power required propulsion therefore, fuel burnt. A considerable advantage can be obtained electrifying environmental control which most demanding subsystem. The paper presents s...

We tested an architect with a lesion to the right prefrontal cortex in a real-world architectural design/planning task that required him to develop a new design for our lab space and compared his performance to an age- and education-matched architect. The patient understood the task and even observed that "this is a very simple problem." His sophisticated architectural knowledge base was still ...

Quantitative assessment is the most important means to identify hazard potential and manage risk for an industrial process. The implement of quantitative assessment in the early stage will help to develop inherently safer process, eliminating the hazard and reduce the possibility of accidental chain events and the magnitude of consequences. In this paper, after reviewing the presently available...

Designing environmentally sound landfills is a challenging engineering task due to complex interactions of numerous design variables; such as landfill size, waste characteristics, and site hydrogeology. Decision support systems (DSS) can be utilized to handle these complex interactions and to aid in a performance-based landfill design by coupling system simulation models (SSM). The aim of this ...

quantitative assessment is the most important means to identify hazard potential and manage risk for an industrial process. the implement of quantitative assessment in the early stage will help to develop inherently safer process, eliminating the hazard and reduce the possibility of accidental chain events and the magnitude of consequences. in this paper, after reviewing the presently available...

IL-32 and TNF? are important cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-32 has not been previously studied with respect to MS. Here, we report IL-32 and TNF? transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients and control individuals by real time PCR. A significant difference in IL-32 and TNF? mRNA levels of patients as compared to controls was not observed. Howeve...