The general scientific consensus is that starting exercise with hypohydration >2% body mass impairs endurance performance/capacity, but most previous studies might be confounded by a lack of subject blinding. This study examined the effect of hypohydration in a single blind manner using combined oral and intragastric rehydration to manipulate hydration status. After familiarization, seven activ...

Controversy exists whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation lowers cardiac output by reducing left ventricular preload, or by a combination of mechanisms. Sixteen open-chest dogs were instrumented for measurement of left and right ventricular pressure, aortic flow, and left ventricular dimensions. With the pericardium intact, PEEP caused the interventricular septum to bulge t...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation have shed light on the importance of cardiorespiratory interactions during shock and cardiac arrest. This review focuses on recently published studies that evaluate factors that determine preload during chest compression, methods that can augment preload, and the detrimental effects of hyperventilation and interrupting chest com...

PURPOSE This study measured the gold screw preload at the gold cylinder-abutment screw joint interface obtained by 3 torque delivery systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a precalibrated, strain-gauged standard abutment as the load cell, 3 torque delivery systems tested were shown to have significant differences in gold screw preload when a gold cylinder was attached. RESULTS Mean preloads m...

Protein, generally agreed to be the most satiating macronutrient, may differ in its effects on appetite depending on the protein source and variation in digestion and absorption. We investigated the effects of two milk protein types, casein and whey, on food intake and subjective ratings of hunger and fullness, and on postprandial metabolite and gastrointestinal hormone responses. Two studies w...