Background: Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) has been used in traditional medicine and is presently being developed for therapeutic purposes and dietary supplements. One of its effective bioactive ingredients is N-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA), which can exert an analgesic effect by inhibiting neurotransmitter release and can be used to ameliorate moderate to severe pain, including cancer pain...

BACKGROUND Despite evidence of atrazine toxicity in developing organisms from experimental studies, few studies--and fewer epidemiologic investigations--have examined the potential effects of prenatal exposure. OBJECTIVES We assessed the association between adverse birth outcomes and urinary biomarkers of prenatal atrazine exposure, while taking into account exposures to other herbicides used...

This publication presents the assessment of the impact of genetically modified (GM) LibertyLink® maize on reproductive function, prenatal and postnatal progeny development of Wistar rats over three generations. The animals were divided into two groups, which were fed with rodent diet with inclusion of GM LibertyLink® ('test' group) and non-GM near-isogenic counterpart ('control' group) maize va...

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [5] (FASD). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe combination of these defects under this heading, and is characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defect...

With the increasing survival of extremely premature infants there is a large number of them who are developing chronic lung disease (CLD), but the severity of the lung damage is considerably less than that observed in the classic form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Because many of these infants have only a mild initial respiratory distress and therefore do not receive aggressive ventilati...

BACKGROUND There is increasing concern that early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can influence the risk of disease development. Phthalates and phenols are two classes of suspected EDCs that are used in a variety of everyday consumer products, including plastics, epoxy resins, and cosmetics. In utero exposure to EDCs may affect disease propensity through epigenetic mechan...

BACKGROUND Prenatal and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) exposure has been associated with decrements in fetal and infant growth and development, although exposures during the preconception window have not been examined despite recent evidence suggesting that this window may correspond with the highest serum concentrations. OBJECTIVES We assessed maternal serum PCB concentrations at ...

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [5] (FASD). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe combination of these defects under this heading, and is characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defect...

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [5] (FASD). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe combination of these defects under this heading, and is characterized by preand postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defect...

OBJECTIVES to identify midwives' perceptions about adolescents' failure to utilise prenatal services or to initiate such utilisation late during their pregnancies. DESIGN a quantitative descriptive and exploratory design, using questionnaires to collect data, to describe midwives' perceptions about factors influencing pregnant adolescents' non-utilisation or late utilisation of prenatal servi...