A new machine for conducting continuous flow processes at low temperatures on a laboratory scale is reported. The use of this cryogenic flow reactor has been demonstrated by the preparation of a variety of (hetero)aromatic boronic acids and esters via lithium halogen exchange chemistry. Furthermore, scale-up of the reaction conditions not only demonstrates the application of this device for the...

..................................................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1 1. Gastrointestinal tract (GI)............................................................................

The cellular tracking, detection and sensing of protein or antibody movement are important aspects to advance our understanding of biomolecular interactions and activity. Antibodies modified with fluorescent dyes are also valuable tools, especially in immunology research. We describe here a proof-of-principle study of a new water-soluble coumarin probe with a maleimide thiol-reacting unit to fl...

Ortho-hydroxy-anilides are part of natural products like the new antibiotics platencin (A) and platensimycin (B). An important step in the total synthesis of these antibiotics or their derivatives is the preparation of the o-hydroxy-anilide partial structure. The presented method allows the preparation of o-hydroxy-anilides and o-dihydroxy-anilides from 2-nitrophenol esters in a one-step synthe...

We report the phospha-bora-Wittig reaction for direct preparation of phosphaalkenes from aldehydes, ketones, esters, or amides. The transient phosphaborene Mes*P?B–NR2 reacts with carbonyl compounds to form 1,2,3-phosphaboraoxetanes, analogues oxaphosphetane intermediates in classical Wittig reaction. 1,2,3-Phosphaboraoxetanes undergo thermal Lewis acid-promoted cycloreversion, yielding phospha...

Spinal cord slice preparation and intracellular recording techniques were used to examine the effects of phorbol esters on the sodium- and calcium-dependent action potentials, the excitatory synaptic transmission, the basal (resting) and the dorsal root stimulation-evoked release of 9 endogenous amino acids, including glutamate and aspartate, and the responsiveness of the rat dorsal horn neuron...