Neurons in the cerebral cortex originate predominantly from asymmetrical divisions of polarized radial glial or neuroepithelial cells. Fate control of neural progenitors through regulating cell division asymmetry determines the final cortical neuronal number and organization. Haploinsufficiency of human LIS1 results in type I lissencephaly (smooth brain) with severely reduced surface area and l...

This review aims to provide examples of how both comparative and genetic analyses contribute to our understanding of the rules for cortical development and evolution. Genetic studies have helped us to realize the evolutionary rules of telencephalic organization in vertebrates. The control of the establishment of conserved telencephalic subdivisions and the formation of boundaries between these ...

parasitic colitis, especially entamoeba histolytica, is a well-known disorder in the middle east particularly in iran. the carrier state of the disease or the chronic type frequently remains undiagnosed or mistaken as irritable bowel syndrome which results in further discomfort and increases the incidence of associated complain. we devised a technique by inserting bisacodyl suppository and then...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare a clearing technique with conventional radiography in studying certain features of the root canal system in single root premolars. a secondary aim was to assess inter examiner agreement for these features using radiographs. materials and methods: fifty-eight recently extracted single rooted premolars were included in this study. two standard pe...

background: mental disorders may lead to several complications in adolescents’ people whose compensation is very difficult and sometime impossible. they are prone to emotional problems. therefore, knowing prevalence of diseases and valid statistical technique is necessary to plan for prevention and control of diseases. methods: in this cross-sectional study; direct, synthetic, and post-stratifi...

in the process of learning basic biochemistry, as in any other area, much extra class work is required for students before basic concepts, such as those concerning protein structure and properties, are firmly settled. to reach this end we have developed a simple instruction method to teach protein structure in biochemistry courses for medical students. the objectives of this method are to illus...

the most frequent adverse effects of indomethacin like other nsaids are gastro–intestinal and central nervous system disturbances. extended release or enteric release formulations minimize these symptoms. the objective of this study was to develop an extended release pellet formulation of indomethacin by the centrifugation (rotary fluid bed granulation) or powder layering method. layered, nonpa...