This study examines the question of whether or not media difSer in the perceptions they generate among users with respect to social presence, communication effectiveness and communication interface. The study observes these factors over a four-session period among thirty three groups performing a collaborative writing task. Groups were assigned to one of three treatments, face-toface, distribut...

Although governance is about interpersonal relationships, it appears that the antecedents and consequences of affective bonds (social ties) in social groups dealing with commonpool resources and public goods have been neglected. The welfare costs of the neglect of such bonds and their dynamic properties in economics are unclear but may be substantial. In this paper, I discuss a theoretical ‘dua...

The social loafing effect, that subjects work harder alone than in groups, was contrasted against the use of two motivational techniques. Subjects were 80 undergraduate students at a midwestern university. A 2 x 2 factorial design was employed contrasting the use of group goals with the salience of evaluation apprehension. Subjects, working in groups of four, were asked to generate possible use...

introduction: origanum vulgare a rich source of natural phenolic antioxidants and has potential to be a source nutritional ingredients for functional food. herbs such as origanum have long been used in food preservation d in traditional medicine in the treatment of common ailments and have potential for positive modulation oxidation-linked diseases such as diabetes. here we investigated the eff...

in the recent years, the universities have been worried about performance management more than ever. in the present complex and competitive universe, the success of universities is impossible without presence of proper strategy and methods for evaluating their level of achievements. the balanced scorecard method is a model of evaluating performance and a system of strategic management. the main...

‎Rough extreme learning machines (RELMs) are rough-neural networks with one hidden layer where the parameters between the inputs and hidden neurons are arbitrarily chosen and never updated‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we propose RELMs with a stable online learning algorithm for the identification of continuous-time nonlinear systems in the presence of noises and uncertainties‎, ‎and we prove the global ...