Background: Mostly seen toxicities following vancomycin are ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We here report a very low birth weight preterm neonate who developed severe episodes of apnea after accidental iatrogenic vancomycin overdose, responsive to treatment with double volume exchange transfusion. Case report: A preterm neonate weighing 1380 grams received two doses of 10-fold of the normal do...

Neonatal septicaemia despite recent advances in hygiene and introduction of potent antibiotics has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The developing countries worse as the incidence is as 56.9/1000 live birth in Nigeria. In our environment, the risk factors were low socioeconomic factors, delivery at home, maternal fever and use of traditional concoctions were the comm...

OBJECTIVE Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) has been detected in women with preterm labor, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and in patients at term with PROM or in spontaneous labor. Intrauterine infection is recognized as a potential cause of fetal growth restriction; yet, the frequency of MIAC in pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses is unknown. ...

Bacteria of the genus Lactococcus are commonly used in manufacturing dairy products.1This genus of bacteria is also being investigated for use in the biotechnology industry, as a delivery system for vaccines and other therapies.1 It is rarely considered pathogenic in humans, although several cases of clinically significant Lactococcus infection have been reported. In adults, these infections ha...

Fats are essential components of the diet, and have a critical role in the growth and development of the neonate. Far from being simply compact sources of energy (providing 40-50% of calorie requirements), they are also integral constituents of neural and retinal tissues. 2 Dietary fats come in three forms: triacylglycerols; phospholipids; and cholesterol esters, all of which contain fatty acid...

We describe the EEG findings from an ex-preterm neonate at term equivalent age who presented with intermittent but prolonged apneic episodes which were presumed to be seizures. A total of 8 apneic episodes were captured (duration 23-376 seconds) during EEG monitoring. The baseline EEG activity was appropriate for corrected gestational age and no electrographic seizure activity was recorded. The...

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has recently proved useful for detecting whole-brain oxygenation changes in preterm and term newborns' brains. The data recording phase in prior explorations was limited up to a maximum of a couple of hours, a time dictated by the need to minimize skin damage caused by the protracted contact with optode holders and interference with concomitant clinical/nursing ...

Adrenal and thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of intrauterine homeostasis, and for the timely differentiation and maturation of fetal organs. These hormones play complex roles during fetal life, and are believed to underlie the cellular communication that coordinates maternal-fetal interactions. They serve to modulate the functional adaptation for extrauterine life during the pe...

There is no consensus about the hemodynamic significance and, therefore, the need to treat a persistent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns. Since the diagnosis of a hemodynamically significant persistent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is made by a summary of non-uniform echo-criteria in combination with the clinical deterioration of the preterm neonate, standardized clinical and ultrasound scorin...

Prematurity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1977) as a delivery occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation. White matter (WM) abnormalities and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) are the most prominent pathologies in the preterm neonate. Compared with their term-peers, children born preterm have lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, although within the normal range. M...