Pneumoperitoneum in a preterm neonate usually indicates perforation of the intestine and is considered a surgical emergency. However, there are cases of pneumoperitoneum with no evidence of rupture of the intestine reported in the literature. We report a case of pneumoperitoneum with no intestinal perforation in a preterm neonate with respiratory distress syndrome who was on high frequency osci...

BACKGROUND Breast milk is the gold standard of nutrition for preterm infants. Yet, initiation of direct breastfeeding before 32 weeks' postconceptional age (PCA) is not common practice in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Our clinical question was, "In preterm infants, when is it safe to initiate breastfeeding in infants <32 weeks PCA receiving enteral feedings?" SEARCH STRATEGY A r...

Crying commonly occurs in response to heel stick and adversely affects the infant's physiologic stability. Minimal crying in response to pain is desired. "Kangaroo Care," skin contact between mother and infant, reduces pain and may reduce crying in response to pain. The purpose of this pilot study was to test Kangaroo Care's effect on the preterm infant's audible and inaudible crying response t...

The aim of this study was to obtain suggestions from mothers of very preterm infants regarding modification of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Thirteen mothers were interviewed 2 to 6 months after their infants' discharge from the hospital. The interviews generated 13 steps, which partly agree with the BFHI steps. The new steps address respect ...

International experience and evidence-based practices have shown that reduction in variability through use of protocolized perioperative care improves surgical outcomes and reduces costs to patients and healthcare systems. In this series of Expert Opinions, we provide consensus recommendations for the various components of perioperative care to aid with the development of enhanced recovery afte...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure delivered by Nasal mask vs Nasal prongs with respect to continuous positive airway pressure failure. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, controlled, open label, trial. SETTING Tertiary care level III neonatal unit. PARTICIPANTS 118 preterm infants-gestational age (27-34 weeks) requiring nasal continuous positive airw...

Nasal reconstruction continues to be a formidable challenge for most plastic surgeons. This article provides an overview of nasal reconstruction with brief descriptions of subtle nuances involving certain techniques that the authors believe help their overall outcomes. The major aspects of nasal reconstruction are included: lining, support, skin coverage, local nasal flaps, nasolabial flap, and...