OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess whether HIV prevalence measured among women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) are representative of prevalence in the local area, or whether estimates may be biased by some women's choice to attend ANCs away from their residential location. We tested the hypothesis that HIV prevalence in towns and periurban areas is underestimated in ANC sentinel surveilla...

BACKGROUND Evidence based resource allocation and decentralized planning of an effective HIV/AIDS response requires reliable information on levels and trends of HIV at national and sub-national geographic levels. HIV sentinel surveillance data from antenatal clinics (HSS-ANC) has been an important data source to assess the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India, but has a number of limitations. We assess t...

Bulk milk samples from 220 dairy herds were collected at 9 public milk collection centres in the northeastern and northern Thailand, and a subset of 11 herds was selected for individual testing. The samples were tested for presence of antibodies to BVDV and BHV-1 using an indirect ELISA. The results from the bulk milk testing demonstrated a moderate level of exposure to BVDV and BHV-1 (73% and ...

BACKGROUND Both cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of the study were to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence according to age, HIV status and gender. METHODS Participants were 208 HIV-negative women, 278 HIV-positive women, 325 HIV-negative men and 161 HIV-positive men between the ages of 1...

patients and methods this study was carried out in 482 hemodialysis patients who had been referred to eight dialysis centers in the mazandaran province in iran from 2012 - 2014. hbs ag, hcv ab, hbs ab and hiv ab were assessed every three months for two years. the patients’ demographic characteristics, including age, gender, area of residence, and duration of dialysis, were noted. the prevalence...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are both transmitted through percutaneous exposures among people who inject drugs (PWID). Ecological analyses on global epidemiological data have identified a positive association between HCV and HIV prevalence among PWID. Our objective was to demonstrate how HCV prevalence can be used to predict HIV epidemic potential among PWID. METHODS Two populat...

evidence has shown that liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses can be more aggressive and severe in hiv infected subjects. therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of hdv infection among hiv/hbv co-infected clients in shiraz, southwest iran. in this study, 178 patients co-infected with hbv and hiv individuals were enrolled. the diagnosis of hiv infect...

introduction: oral manifestations can be the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) and a useful marker for the progression of this disease. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations and examine their relationship with socio-demographic factors in hiv-positive patients in the health centers affiliated to zahedan...

BACKGROUND Estimates of the impact of HIV in countries with generalised epidemics are generally based on antenatal clinic surveillance data collected over time. In an attempt to obtain geographically more representative estimates of HIV prevalence, many countries are now also conducting national population-based surveys in which HIV testing is included. We compare adult HIV prevalence estimates...

BACKGROUND TB and HIV co-epidemic is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. But the prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was diversified among countries. Exploring the reasons of the diversity of TB/HIV co-infection is important for public policy, planning and development of collaborative TB/HIV activities. We aimed to summarize the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection worldwid...