A reform of the Eurosystem's inferior monetary-policy strategy is increasingly urgent, as noted by a number of observers. For instance, a recent extensive CEPR report finds the that the prominent first pillar of the Eurosystem's strategy, the money-growth indicator, " looks increasingly ridiculous, giving perverse signals that the ECB probably ignores " , and that it is " flawed beyond repair–b...

Background In 2011, all of the Australian governments committed to health care reform in which they agreed to use a nationally consistent “Activity-Based Funding” approach for public hospital services in Australia. This reform sought to increase the transparency of public hospital funding and improve the efficiency of public hospital services. As part of this reform, the Independent Hospital Pr...

a central problem in designing effective models of provider governance in health systems has been to ensure an appropriate balance between the concerns of public sector and/or government decision-makers, on the one hand, and of non-governmental health services actors in civil society and private life, on the other. in tax-funded european health systems up to the 1980s, the state and other publi...

The use of public shelters in Philadelphia was examined both before and after the implementation of Act 35, Pennsylvania’s response to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Univariate interrupted time-series analyses were conducted to determine if trends in shelter utilization (the number of families admitted, by family size, by race, by age of household h...

We analyse the economic impact of using carbon pricing revenue to fund EU budget. Such a reform would redistribute from countries with above average intensive production less countries. Once is implemented, low will prefer lower price, i.e. laxer climate policy at level, than before reform. For high opposite true. As result, becomes ambitious and disputed. also an extension model in which consu...

The report by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) on the UK pharmaceutical price regulation scheme (PPRS) recommends the reform of the current scheme, which is a combination of profit and price controls, to one where price is based on the health benefits offered by a pharmaceutical. On closer examination some of the more commonly expressed concerns about these proposals do not seem to be well foun...

Background: Socioeconomic indicators are the main factors that affect health outcome. Health price index (HPI) and households living costs (HLC) are affected by economic reform. This study aimed at examining the effect of subsidy targeting plan (STP) on HPI and HLC. Methods: The social accounting matrix was used to study the direct and indirect effects of STP. We chose 11 health related goods a...

The paper reviews the experience of Poland and Russia with economic reform, with occasional comparison to China’s experience. The author argues that macroeconomic chaos in Poland and Russia preceded reform and was allayed by reform; that there is no necessary tradeoff between reform and growth, and that the Polish and Russian experience shows that it is possible to create clear property rights ...

This paper is adapted from a speech given by James Bond at the International Energy Agency, 14 May 1998. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organisations, or to members of its board of executive directors or the countries they represent. The long-term price of oil should rest near its long ru...

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s implicit government guarantee is widely argued to cause irresponsible risk taking. Despite moral-hazard concerns, this paper presents evidence that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the GSEs) more effectively managed home price risks during the 2000-2006 housing boom than private insurers. Mortgage origination data reveal that the GSEs were selecting loans with increasing...