OBJECTIVE Patients with progressive relapsing (PR) multiple sclerosis (MS) may accrue disability by incomplete recovery from acute exacerbations and by ongoing deterioration. In primary progressive (PP) MS, disability accumulates solely by continuous decline. Because it is the least common form of MS, there is scant information regarding the clinical characteristics of PRMS, but relapses are re...

BACKGROUND Exercise may have beneficial effects on both well-being and walking ability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Exercise is shown to be neuroprotective in rodents and may also enhance cognitive function in humans. It may, therefore, be particularly useful for MS patients with pronounced neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of standardized exercise as a therapeutic inte...

BACKGROUND Oligoclonal bands (OCB) are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in more than 95% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Western hemisphere. Here we evaluated the intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response as a potential diagnostic CSF marker for OCB-negative MS patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We tested 46 OCB-negative German patients with paraclinic...

UNLABELLED Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease leading to various neurological disabilities. The disorder is more prevalent for women with a ratio of 3:2 female to male. OBJECTIVES To investigate variation within the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) polymorphism gene in an Australian MS case-control population using two intragenic res...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the extent of tissue damage in a region of normal appearing corpus callosum (NACC) for different forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) using diffusion tensor and proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging. METHODS A total of 47 patients with MS and 15 controls were included. Regions of interest from the NACC were manually segmented using high resolution anatomic...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not uniform, with a latitudinal gradient of prevalence present in most studies. Understanding the drivers of this gradient may allow a better understanding of the environmental factors involved in MS pathogenesis. METHOD The New Zealand national MS prevalence study (NZMSPS) is a cross-sectional study of people with definite MS (DMS) (McD...