Robustness is the one of the essential properties of watermarking schemes. It is the ability to detect the watermark after attacks. A DWT-based semi-blind image watermarking scheme leaves out the low pass band, and embeds a pseudo random number (PRN) sequence (i.e., the watermark) in the other three bands into the coefficients that are higher than a given threshold T1. During watermark detectio...

AIM: To assess the long-term outcomes of treating macular edema (ME) associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) a regimen “5+pro re nata (PRN)”. METHODS: This retrospective study included 27 eyes patients ME non-ischemic CRVO (non-iCRVO group, n=15) and ischemic (iCRVO n=12). The were treated five consecutive intravitreal injections conbercept or ranibizumab, followed by reinjections...

The Prnp gene encodes the cellular prion protein PrP(C). Removal of its ORF does not result in pathological phenotypes, but deletions extending into the upstream intron result in cerebellar degeneration, possibly because of ectopic cis-activation of the Prnd locus that encodes the PrP(C) homologue Doppel (Dpl). To test this hypothesis, we removed Prnd from Prnp(o/o) mice by transallelic meiotic...

There is a limited evidence base for the use of pro re nata (PRN) 'as required' psychotropic medication within acute mental health settings. This study aimed to explore expert opinion concerning issues and best practice for the prescribing and administration of psychotropic PRN medications within acute inpatient mental health settings. Eighteen experts participated in three Delphi rounds of a m...

As infants lose maternally derived antibody, they experience a period when antibody levels are insufficient to protect against measles yet may interfere with immunization. In Kangaba Mali, sera were collected from 89 2-8-month-old infants and 32 9-10-month-old infants without a history of measles or vaccination; post-vaccination sera were collected from 24 of the 9-10-month-old infants 3-5 week...

the future development of effective and safe antiretroviral agents—and the continued study of ways to maximize the utility of currently available therapies—are highly dependent on a scientific field that has evolved in recent years at an incredible rate: pharmacology. While The prn Notebook has published numerous articles focusing on the issues of pharmacokinetics (pk) and pharmacodynamics (pd)...

Up-to-date data are needed on the types of treatments used by psychiatrists and the reasons for use of particular treatments. Using 1997 American Psychiatric Association (APA) Practice Research Network (PRN) Study data on patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, we identified the characteristics of antipsychotic medications (APMs) currently being prescribed and factors associa...

We examined sensory-processing disorder (SPD) in children with cochlear implants and explored the relationship between SPD and duration of hearing loss or duration of cochlear implant use. Caregivers of 30 children completed the Sensory Profile Questionnaire (SPQ). Seventy percent of the children showed "at-risk" or "different" behaviors in one or more of five categories of the SPQ: auditory, v...

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare life-threatening condition, usually induced by typical and atypical antipsychotics. A middle-aged woman with bipolar disorder and acute back pain due to multiple falls was admitted to the trauma ward of a general hospital. After 3 days, she suddenly developed signs and symptoms of NMS possibly caused by PRN injectable haloperidol, although the addi...