This article examines the effectiveness of using different kinds of written reminders to reduce misdemeanor defendants’ failure-to-appear (FTA) rates. A subset of defendants was surveyed after their scheduled court date to assess their perceptions of procedural justice and trust and confidence in the courts. Reminders reduced FTA overall, and more substantive reminders (e.g., with information o...

This note examines the constitutional and policy implications of criminal prosecutions for prenatal maternal substance abuse under statutes criminalizing drug delivery, child abuse, and manslaughter. Although only one of these convictions has been upheld in the thirty years since a prosecutor first brought such charges, prosecutors continue to propose new and increasingly inventive theories of ...

This paper is part of a research programme into corporate annual reports. Reports do provide the information on the past performance, present state and future prospects which investors in listed companies require for the rational choices attributed to them. They also reveal the companies’ responsiveness to the publics comprising the civil societies in which they are embedded. This effect requir...

The doctrine of judicial law presupposes, in the main, unification procedural laws. author notes that form practice is also an object convergence. There are three types differences temporary, territorial and sectoral. article clarifies reasons for difficulties convergence various legal proceedings. It stated intersectoral uniformity, or at least absence obvious contradictions, one main goals re...

This paper compares and contrasts three different substantive (as opposed to procedural) principles of justice for making health care priority-setting or "rationing" decisions: need principles, maximising principles and egalitarian principles. The principles are compared by tracing out their implications for a hypothetical rationing decision involving four identified patients. This decision has...

Substantive decentralization is the entrusting of public authority to autonomous entities based on a criterion other than territorial affiliation. Thebasic form substantive self-government professions trust. Such self-governments include, among others, medical – pharmacists, doctors,nurses and midwives, laboratory diagnosticians, physiotherapists, psychologists.The self-governing bodies perform...

Scholars have increasingly recognized the ways in which climate change threatens the human rights of people around the world, with a disproportionate burden on the rights of already vulnerable persons. At particular risk to these populations is the right to health, as well as to interconnected human rights. Yet, scholars have generally not provided a thorough assessment of precisely how human r...

The evolution of U.S. civil commitment law needs to be understood within the context of changes in psychiatry and medicine, as well as larger social policy and economic changes. American civil commitment law has reflected the swinging pendulum of social attitudes towards civil commitment, oscillating between more and less restriction for both procedural and substantive standards. These standard...

This paper reviews China’s continuing efforts to enact a competition policy (antitrust) law. We focus on three issues: (1) What is the substance of the proposed law, and how does it differ from existing antitrust law in other countries, (2) How will the law be implemented or enforced, and how will those who must implement this law interpret their mandate, and (3) What will be the likely effects...

The modern American labor law system relating to collective bargaining and industrial relations has emerged from a swirl of common-law, anti-trust and statutes relating to labor injunctions, damage actions and criminal prosecutions. The modern labor law framework is to be found principally in the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (initially called the Wagner Act) which has been amended in pr...