The assessment of pre-procedure fasting and control of sedation depth are prominent elements of widely disseminated procedural sedation guidelines and of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' standards. Both exist primarily to minimize the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. This paper critically examines the literature on pre-procedure fasting and con...

Using the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists database of anesthesia-related medical disputes (July 2009-June 2014), causative mechanisms and injury patterns were analyzed. In total, 105 cases were analyzed. Most patients were aged < 60 yr (82.9%) and were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status ≤ II (90.5%). In 42.9% of all cases, the injuries were determined to be ...

If a similar goal-directed approach had been applied in the Basel study [1] , the administration of lower doses of propofol would (likely) have been associated with less cardiopulmonary compromise, particularly among the high-risk patients. Over recent years, propofol has emerged as a 'near ideal' sedative drug with dose-dependent hypnotic effects, rapid onset and a fast recovery profile [7]. S...

BACKGROUND Children often require relief of pain and anxiety while undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is the safe and effective control of pain, anxiety and motion so as to allow a necessary procedure to be performed and to provide an appropriate degree of memory loss or decreased awareness. OBJECTIVE To prospectively describe procedural ...

Endoscopic procedures of the gastrointestinal tract were successfully introduced into paediatric practice in the 1970s. Recent expansive development has become useful for improvement of both diagnosis and treatment in many children with gastrointestinal diseases. Most of these procedures are performed under procedural sedation (PSA) knowing anatomical, physiological and psychological difference...

Analgesic options for surgical abortion (also called procedural abortion) beyond local anesthesia and minimal sedation include moderate sedation, deep general anesthesia. These clinical recommendations review the effectiveness of various regimens pain control during abortion; medication used to induce analgesia anesthesia; patient factors affecting safety; preoperative intraoperative protocols ...

BACKGROUND Paediatric procedural sedation (PPS) is a common procedure in most general EDs. Many departmental guidelines suggest mandatory fasting times for children undergoing PPS, in an attempt to decrease the incidence of postoperative vomiting and (theoretically) aspiration pneumonitis, despite there being little or no evidence in the literature to support these mandatory fasting times. OB...

BACKGROUND Deep sedation or general anesthesia is generally used during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The aim of this study was to report the safety and feasibility of minimal sedation during AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand and fifty-two AF ablation procedures in 819 patients (62 ± 11 years, 621 men, 506 paroxysmal) were included. Boluses of intravenous hydroxyzine pamoate ...

E is relatively safe, with a complication rate of less than 1% for standard procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy.1 Theoretically obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to cardiopulmonary complications during procedural sedation. However the initial studies addressing the presence of OSA in patients undergoing upper endoscopy and colonoscopy did not find an increas...