Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and thereby gene expression depend on the cell’s ability to produce vast numbers of ribosomes, the major component of the translational machinery. The complexity inherent in the production of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), the key RNA components of the ribosome, is interesting in itself. Add to this the complex nature of the production and regulation of the myriad othe...

Batch processes are flexible allowing the production of different products within the same facility, and suitable for producing low volume, high value-added products such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The trend towards batch processing has necessitated the development of scheduling techniques. In addition to process scheduling, heat integration has been increasingly considered for batch...

Various types of DNA damage, induced by endo- and exogenous genotoxic impacts, may become processed into structural chromosome changes such as sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations occur preferentially within heterochromatic regions composed mainly of repetitive sequences. Most of the preclastogenic damage is correctly repaired by different repai...

The development and implementation of effective antimicrobial interventions by the beef processing industry in the United States have dramatically reduced the incidence of beef trim contamination by Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, individual processing plants still experience sporadic peaks in contamination rates where multiple E. coli O157:H7-positive lots are clustered in a short time fram...

The resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to cadmium and arsenic has been used extensively for strain subtyping. However, limited information is available on the prevalence of such resistance among isolates from the environment of food-processing plants. In addition, it is not known whether the resistance of such isolates to heavy metals may correlate with resistance to quaternary ammonium compo...

the study of world health organization (who) has shown that the use of herbal medicines has been increased dramatically around the world in recent years. with the expanding popularity and trade of medicinal plants, health, safety and quality of medicinal plant raw materials and processed products have become a major concern for world organizations. environmental pollutants, including heavy meta...

At present in Germany there are 61 plants for Mechanical(-Biological) Treatment (M(B)T) of residual wastes with a total capacity of about 6.4 million tons per year. They can be classified in four process concepts: material stream separation, mechanical-biological stabilization (with a biological drying process), mechanical-physical stabilization (with a thermal drying process) and mechanical(-b...