The purpose of this research was analysis of contents of extension and education in agricultural cooperatives in the Lorestan province, Iran. The population of study consisted of 832 members of agricultural cooperative in Lorestan province, Iran in which 260 people were selected as a sample size, using Krejcie and Morgan table. The results indicate that more than 66.92 percent of the agricultur...

Agricultural cooperatives around the world are facing major structural challenges as they respond to a more industrialized agriculture, globalization, and freer trade. Co-ops are responding to these changes by merging, by finding new ways of raising capital, and by developing new organizational forms such as New Generation Co-ops. One of the critically important issues co-ops face as they under...

Maintaining diversity of small ruminant genetic resources is instrumental for sustainable agricultural production. Community-based livestock breeding programs (CBBPs) have emerged as a potential approach to implement in smallholder farms. This study assesses the viability CBBPs conservation and improvement indigenous ruminants, using case studies goat Malawi Uganda. Data were collected focus gr...

The authors explore Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) business models in order to characterize two main problems: big initial investment and continuous expenditures. The four main actors of a MMOG environment – game producer, Game, Players and Business Model – are analysed resorting to Actor Network Theory in order to understand their alignment in Business Models and how they can influe...

This paper examines the organization and performance of Cuba’s private and state-run organizations following the economic liberalization that started in 2010-2011. The reforms reduced the constraints faced by private sector organizations and the sector expanded considerably. Additionally, worker cooperatives were newly permitted in the non-agricultural sector. All this while state owned and man...

The development of a theory of kin selection has proceeded along two lines. Inclusivefitness models have implicitly assumed that sel~tion is weak, whereas exact-population genetic models place no constraints on the strength of selection. Several examples are presented showing that qualitatively new behavior has emerged from the exact models. However, for many problems, the exact-population and ...

This study is the first to empirically investigate whether farmers’ assessment of their cooperatives’ environmental efforts related satisfaction with cooperatives, in addition cooperatives economic and social terms. A survey was conducted among a randomly selected sample 211 members 63 farmer Fujian Province, China. Binary logit analyses were test three theoretically derived hypotheses. There p...

since 1980s, credit policy has been promoted as an important mechanism in job creation, especially for women. however, some researchers have showed that although microfinance programs have significant potential for contributing to women’s wellbeing, yet, many women borrowers have limited control over loans and/or resulted income. in such cases credit policy may not change women status. women’s ...

Directional dispersal plays a large role in shaping ecological processes in diverse systems such as rivers, coastlines and vegetation communities. We describe an instability driven by directional dispersal in a spatially explicit consumer–producer model where spatial patterns emerge in the absence of external environmental variation. Dispersal of the consumer has both undirected and directed co...