there are different studies in urban literature on the determinants of urban growth, from the theoretical and empirical points of view. the most completed theoretical model is henderson model (1988, 1997, and 1999), which is tested by some empirical studies. as henderson model shows, the set of national product, specialization and technological progress are the determinants of urban growth. usi...

Collaborative problem solving is important in a wide range of contexts, including economic production, product development, academic research, and policy making. Here, I present a formal model of collaborative problem solving, in which individuals with heterogeneous skill sets collaborate to solve problems. I show that the number of problems an individual solves is a supermodular function of he...

the kinetics of catalyst deactivation and coke formation during dehydrogenation of propane over supported pt–based catalysts and, in particular, the effect of alkali metal promoters on catalyst activity and stability were studied. the analysis of propane conversion data showed that there is an optimum level of alkali metal promoter loading for both catalyst activity and stability.a model based ...

Although many attempts have been made in presenting systematic models for design processes, most projects have been implemented by non-systematic methods, which seems that too much emphasis on the description of the final project (product) and the lack of attention to the design process are to be blamed for this. In this paper, a specific pattern of design scenario formation in the framework of...

Despite advances in computer technology, bringing products to market remains a complex activity. In particular, it is within the concept phase of product development where information used for decision making is at its most nebulous. This paper describes research to investigate how computer technologies can be applied to optimise decision making in concept development activities. The study resu...

Background. Brand personality as a part of brand identity plays an important role in communications; if a brand has no personality, it cannot introduce itself and stay in the mind of the customer. Customer understanding about a brand is far more important than what is expressed as brand reality. Thus, developing an appropriate personality for creating a compatible image of the brand in the cust...