Insect diapause is a dynamic process consisting of several successive phases. The conception and naming of the phases is unsettled and, sometimes, ambiguous in the literature. In this paper, the ontogeny of diapause was reviewed and the most often used terms and the best substantiated phases were highlighted, explained and re-defined. The aim was to propose relatively simple and generally appli...

Three new papers report the long-awaited functional characterization of the Drosophila receptor for the circadian-rhythm-regulating signalling molecule PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF). The discovery of the PDF receptor heralds progress in understanding the circadian pacemaker circuit and output pathways in insects.

I. INSECT HORMONES

a total of 13 species of coccomorpha (hemiptera) from three scale insect families; coccidae (3), diaspididae (5) and pseudococcidae (5) have been found on ficus carica l. (moraceae) in iran. diaspidiotus braunschvigi (rungs) (diaspididae) is recorded as new record in iran, described and illustrated based on adult females. species that have been previously recorded on f. carica, are listed, and ...

Lutzomyia longipalpis expresses a salivary protein called maxadilan (MAX) that functions to dilate vertebrate blood vessels and thereby to facilitate the sand fly's acquisition of blood. We hypothesized that antibodies specific for one of many MAX variants would inhibit vasodilatory function of that variant. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that antibodies against a specific MAX variant ...