Exergy analysis is a thermodynamic approach used for analyzing and improving the efficiency of chemical and thermal processes. It has also been extended for life cycle assessment and sustainability evaluation of industrial products and processes. Although these extensions recognize the importance of capital and labor inputs and environmental impact, most of them ignore the crucial role that eco...

conclusions it seems that, the preventive instructions are not optimally respected by ers possibly due to the crowded wards, high work load and the need to work rapidly. results cleaning blood tainted skin before phlebotomy or iv line preparation and hand washing before donning latex gloves achieved the maximum (88/150) and minimum (0/150) scores. the most observed barriers of pm were frequent ...

This paper considers the pricing decision faced by a seller of bundles composed of a service and an associated product offered to customers on a subscription basis using a two-part tariff scheme. An optimal pricing policy that maximizes the profit of a firm is obtained using a dynamic programming approach and it is found that, in the long run, there is an optimal number of customers associated ...

WEB-BASED SELLING OF CUSTOMISABLE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES REQUIRES INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE SUPPORT EXCEEDING THE CAPABILITIES OF STATE-OF-THE-ART CONFIGURATION SYSTEMS. FIRST, THE USERS OF CONFIGURATION SYSTEMS DEEPLY DIFFER IN INTERESTS AND CAPABILITIES, SO THAT INTELLIGENT USER INTERFACES ARE NEEDED TO GUIDE THEM THROUGH THE CONFIGURATION PROCESS. SECOND, COMPLEX AND CUSTOMISABLE PRODUCTS TYPICALL...

In this study, we newly classify services and service products in EC into four categories: Mass Services, Interactive Services, Supporting Services, and Professional Services. Five selected variables reflecting the characteristics of the services, and two factorized dimensions, (1) proportion of on-line services, and (2) need of on-line interaction, are utilized for the classification. In addit...

This research examines how the portfolio of IT vendor offerings relates to consumer perceptions of vendor quality. Specifically, we examine how the degree of hardware, software, and services technologies—which we refer to collectively as the IT products-services stack—are related to vendor quality ratings. We test our model using over 28,000 IT vendor ratings given by top IT executives between ...

Bundling has been a widely used selling strategy in the software industry. In terms of fighting against software piracy, the bundling of software applications that are prone to different levels of piracy has been proposed as a way to minimize the negative impact due to software piracy. Until recently, software implementations have mostly been at the client’s end, which requires a variety of ant...

A newly introduced product or a service is labeled ‘successful innovation’ only after it has been proven in market. Certainly, market failures of products/services or their improvements are much more common than commercial successes, which is a significant drawback. The ideas introduced in this paper are applicable to evaluation of innovativeness of planned introductions of design changes, prod...