Recently we have developed 4 channel incubation type planar patch clamp biosensor with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate by using both-side hot embossing, focused ion beam micro-fabrication and surface modification by extra cellular matrix. We have evaluated the performance by using the light-gated ion-channel protein, channelrhodopsin wide receiver (ChRWR) expressed on HEK293 cell. Obser...

Several surface augmentation techniques were examined in an investigation of enhancement of critical heat flux (CHF) from a simulated electronic chip to a fluorocarbon (FC-72) liquid in a vertical channel. A parametric comparison of boiling performances is presented for a smooth surface and for surfaces with low-profile microgrooves, low-profile microstuds, and high-profile pin fins. Critical h...

Equal channel angular pressing is the most promising method of severe plastic deformation with the capability of producing ultrafine grained materials. These materials exhibit improved mechanical and physical properties compared with their coarse grained counter parts.The temperature variation in the sample during ECA-pressing is a key factor determining the final microstructure and mechanical ...

A three dimensional, compressible, steady, one phase flow of reactant-product mixture in the air side electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is numerically studied in this paper. The mixture is composed of three species: oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor. The performance of the cell is enhanced by partial blockage of the flow field channels. Various types of these blocks also ca...

In this paper, development of a semi-two- dimensional mathematical model called SDAR is introduced. The model is composed of two principal modules of hydraulics and sediment transport. The newly developed SDAR model has a number of capabilities including determination of sediment transport rate, aggradation - degradation calculation, longitudinal profile and lateral cross–sectional variation s...

In this paper, we have extended and completed our previous work, that was introducing a new method for finite differentiation. We show the applicability of the method for solving a wide variety of equations such as Poisson, Lap lace and Schrodinger. These equations are fundamental to the most semiconductor device simulators. In a section, we solve the Shordinger equation by this method in sever...

Grade is a condition of equilibrium in streams as agents of transportation. The validity of the concept has been questioned, but it is indispensable in any genetic study of fluvial erosional features and deposits. This paper modifies and extends the theory of grade originally set forth by Gilbert and Davis. A graded stream is one in which, over a period of years, slope is delicately adjusted to...

Using Urry's gramicidin A (GA) atomic coordinates and ab into calculations, the interaction energies of a K+ ion with GA are examined. From these energies the values of the fitting parameters are obtained for 6-12-1 atom-atom pair potentials. The potential of the GA channel as experienced by the ion is analyzed in detail. An energy profile of the K+ ion in the GA channel is obtained by analyzin...

Microbial cells constitutively express the Large Conductance Mechanosensitive Channel which opens in response to stretch forces in the lipid bilayer. The channel protein forms a homopentamer with each subunit containing two transmembrane regions and gates via the bilayer mechanism evoked by hydrophobic mismatch and changes in the membrane curvature and/or transbilayer pressure profile. During t...

We report the observation of channel-width dependent enhancement in nanoscale field effect transistors containing lithographically-patterned silicon nanowires as the conduction channel. These devices behave as conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors in reverse source drain bias. Reduction of nanowire width below 200 nm leads to dramatic change in the threshold voltage. D...