In a non-strict functional programming language functions that yield the same result for all total arguments can still differ for partial arguments, that is, they differ in their strictness. Here a Haskell library is presented that enables the programmer to easily check whether a given function is least-strict; if it is not least-strict, then the tool suggests how to make it less strict.

The effect of transcription factors on human gene expression can now be quantified owing to a new computational approach. The method was successfully applied to the cases of the cell cycle program, and for liver-specific gene expression. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays a major role in the acquisition of cell identity during embryogenesis and shapes cellular response to vario...

Life shows a stunning level of complexity. Understanding the emergence of this complexity and the functioning of intricate biological processes lies at the heart of modern biology. One major hallmark of biological complexity, including many forms of interacting organisms, is cooperation. Cooperating individuals are, by providing a benefit, capable to facilitate a better depletion of resources, ...

background: investing in the health of children in learning situation is one of the most important health interventions. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of health promoting schools in improving the health status of schools in urmia, north west of iran.methods and materials: this interventional study was conducted on 155 schools executing the health promoting schools program th...

The three vigilance states (wakefulness [W], slow wave sleep [SWS], rapid eye movement sleep [REMS]) are controlled by distinct, but interconnected, networks of neurons. The sleep/arousal network consists of separate systems of W-promoting and SWS-promoting neurons, located in nuclei in the basal forebrain, diencephalon and brainstem. Each neuronal system operates via a distinct neurotransmitte...

in order to study of the effect of seed inoculation with pgpr on nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency of spring wheat in different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, an experimental was conducted at the research farm of mohageh ardabili university, ardabil, iran during 2012 year. the combination of nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (0, 40 and 80 kg n/ha as urea) and phosphorus f...