Abstract Cities have historically developed close to rivers and coasts, increasing human exposure flooding. That is exacerbated by changes in climate population, urban encroachment on floodplains. Although the mechanisms of how urbanization affects flooding are relatively well understood, there been limited efforts assess magnitude floodplain globally it has changed both space time. Highly reso...

in this study, effective criteria on process of tourism areas selection were collected due to macro planning of capable areas to tourism sample regions in khorasan razavi province. then, their priority was carried out based on delphi method. after determining the relative weights and criteria priorities, the map of capable areas to planning tourism sample regions was obtained at the province le...

Of all the issues surrounding noise emissions from wind farms, the question of the potential for annoyance and adverse effects from low frequency sound is one of the most topical. Anecdotal literature is replete with statements concerning the effects of infrasound and low frequency noise. In this paper we present objective methodologies to measure and assess infrasound and low frequency noise i...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper assesses the relative efficiency and flexibility o...