one potentially basic concept in islam, as a religion, as reflected in the glorious qur’an , is the theory of ‘umma’ (community of muslims).this concept that has been stemmed from islam's political doctrine refers to features such as: tribe, clan, racial groups as well as a nation with stabilizing elements of religion's celestial values under the leadership of one prophet and those wh...

In attempting to attain some perspective on Iran in history, I begin, as I think one must, with the Arab-Islamic conquests in the seventh century—that series of epoch-making events following the advent of Islam, the mission of the Prophet Muhammad and the carrying of his message to vast areas east and west from Arabia, and the incorporation of many lands, from the Atlantic and the Pyrenees to t...

We contend that Paul consciously alludes to Deut. 9-10; 29-30 and to Jer. 31:30-34 in Rom. 2:1-16. These allusions shape and inform Paul’s discourse and, therefore, provide a new approach to old exegetical questions, such as, the rhetorical nature of vv. 6-11 and whether vv. 13-16 refer to ‘Gentile Christians’. On the basis of our intertextual approach we assert that: (1) Romans 2 is essentiall...

a book written in recent years on the history of islam is the invaluable work by dr. gholamhosein zargarinezhad published by the samt publishing house in 687 pages in 1378 a.h. many reviews have come out on this work so far that have been mostly detail - oriented formal critiques. here in this note, the writer has tried to closely study the methodology and other historiographical peculiarities ...

This article tries to demonstrate that Islam recognizes women’s social presence and endorses their participation in political, economic, and cultural activities in society. The claim is supported by the Quranic reports of women’s social activities in the past nations and by a number of jurisprudential verses (āyāt al-aḥkām) pertaining to social matters. Further evidence for th...