BACKGROUND Current UK guidelines for the identification, management and referral of chronic kidney disease advise an early-morning urine sample for the albumin:creatinine ratio or the protein:creatinine ratio (PCR) in order to quantify proteinuria. Estimated protein output (EPO) is an alternative and possibly better method of quantifying proteinuria which takes lean weight into consideration. ...

Urolithiasis is a disorder in the form of crystals or stones urinary tract such as bladder that occurs both male and female animals. The condition formation calculi due to supersaturation urine consisting one several types minerals. A case urolithiasis Persian cat named Snow, female, 40 months old, 3.76 Kg, solid white hair color, came K P Clinic physical examination was performed by palpation ...

Three groups of 11 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit does, each were reared from 12 weeks of age on iso-energetic diets containing 16, 14 or 12% crude protein (CP) were used to study influences on productive performance, digestibility, some carcass traits, haematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters of rabbit does. The results showed rabbits fed on 16% protein diet had heavier body weights...

Background: Diabetic kidney disease and retinopathy are the most important complications which usually co-exist together with high economic cost, morbidity, and mortality. Current research was designed to study these two complications and their associations with impaired glycemic control, elevated blood pressure, serum creatinine and proteinuria. Methods: 10, 580 patients were selected for this...