background: colorectal cancer (crc) is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. there have been several studies reporting the proximal tumor shift, especially in western countries. in the present study, we investigated the clinicopathologic and anatomical distributions of colorectal tumors in iranian crc patients. materials and methods: in this retrospective cohort study,258 patient...

To understand how contractions move gastric contents, we measured, in isolated cat stomachs, the effects of contractions on gastric length, diameters, pressures, and emptying. Movements of the stomach and of gastric contents were monitored by video camera and ultrasound and were related to mechanical events. Based on pressures, we defined the following four phases of contractions: 1) Po, a stea...

In anesthetized cats, the administration of either bradykinin (BK) (0.3-3 micrograms/kg) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (1-30 micrograms/kg) into the cranial mesenteric artery dose-dependently evoked the firing discharge in the proximal end of the afferent greater splanchnic nerves with a latency of about 10 sec, the pronounced contraction of the longitudinal muscle of the jejunum, and changes in b...

Waves of contraction in the small intestine correlate with slow waves generated by the myenteric network of interstitial cells of Cajal. Coupled oscillator theory has been used to explain steplike gradients in the frequency (frequency plateaux) of contraction waves along the length of the small intestine. Inhibition of gap junction coupling between oscillators should lead to predictable effects...

Single unit activity in primary spindle afferent nerve fibres from finger and foot flexors was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the median and peroneal nerves of healthy subjects. During voluntary fast alternating finger and foot movements, simulating the tremor of Parkinsonism, two types of discharges were seen in the Ia afferent fibres: (1) stretch responses occurring duri...

Coronary artery hemodynamics are very different to that of the systemic arteries; unlike the systemic circulation, in the coronary circulation pressure is generated from both the proximal and distal end of the artery - due to the effect of contraction and relaxation of the myocardium on the microvasculature. As a result, the systemic artery hemodynamic model cannot be used to explain the pressu...