The theme of this paper is that algebraic complexity implies dynamical complexity for pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of a closed surface Sg of genus g. Penner proved that the logarithm of the minimal dilatation for a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism of Sg tends to zero at the rate 1/g. We consider here the smallest dilatation of any pseudoAnosov homeomorphism of Sg acting trivially on Γ/Γk, the quotie...

The recovery of a set of points in an N -dimensional vector space from their set of mutual distances has a long history. In 1938 Young and Householder gave necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of numbers to be the set of mutual distances between a collection of real points in Euclidean space and gave methods for determining the configuration of these points up to translation and rotati...

setting standards for translation assessment has usually been problematic for authorities, theoreticians, and most commonly instructors. it is often difficult to tell the difference between translation evaluation, criticism, and assessment due to hardships of bridging the gap between theory and practice. the aim of this study was to create a rubric against which translations could be assessed. ...

Quality estimation (QE) aims to assess the quality of machine translations when reference are unavailable. QE plays a crucial role in many real-world applications translation. Because labeled data usually limited scale, recent research, such as DirectQE, pre-trains models with pseudo and obtains remarkable performance. However, there tends be inevitable noise data, hindering from learning accur...

The engineering of new states matter through Floquet driving has revolutionized the field condensed physics. This technique enables creation hybrid topological and ordered phases that are absent in normal systems. Crystalline structures, exemplifying spatially systems under periodic driving, have been extensively studied. However, recent focus shifted towards discrete time crystals (DTCs), peri...

Although, Chinese and Spanish are two of the most spoken languages in the world, not much research has been done in machine translation for this language pair. This paper focuses on investigating the state-of-the-art of Chinese-to-Spanish statistical machine translation (Smt), which nowadays is one of the most popular approaches to machine translation. For this purpose, we report details of the...

Our participation to CLEF07 (Domain-specific Track) was motivated this year by assessing several query translation and expansion strategies that we recently designed and developed. One line of research and development was to use our own Statistical Machine Translation system (called Matrax) and its intermediate outputs to perform query translation and disambiguation. Our idea was to benefit fro...

The problem of finding the most probable string for a distribution generated by a weighted finite automaton or a probabilistic grammar is related to a number of important questions: computing the distance between two distributions or finding the best translation (the most probable one) given a probabilistic finite state transducer. The problem is undecidable with general weights and is NP-hard ...

The Dublin City University participation in the CLEF 2006 CL-SR task concentrated on exploring the combination of the multiple fields associated with the documents. This was based on use of the extended BM25F field combination model originally developed for multi-field text documents. Additionally, we again conducted runs with our existing information retrieval methods based on the Okapi model....

We present an approach for learning to translate by exploiting cross-lingual link structure in multilingual document collections. We propose a new learning objective based on structured ramp loss, which learns from graded relevance, explicitly including negative relevance information. Our results on English-German translation of Wikipedia entries show small, but significant, improvements of our...