Arocha (2021) discusses the “replication crisis,” arguing for models that allow a greater complexity in relationship between variables and processes. In this comment, we identify more fundamental issue: impossibility of eliminating interpretation issues with operational definitions increased rigor measurements Interpretation is at core (a) human action (b) scientific endeavor. First, considerin...

objective: psychological hardiness is a protective personality structure against life stresses that plays a major role in resisting stressful events. thus, the present research aimed to predict the psychological hardiness based on mental health and emotional intelligence in students. methods: the method applied in the research was a descriptive-correlation type. a total of 348 students of payam...

the purpose of this research is to explain the model of psychological empowerment of the employees based on thinking way of the managers in general office of sports and youths in isfahan. the method of this research was descriptive-explanatory in terms of data collection and applied in terms of purpose and field in terms of conducting. statistical society of this research consisted of the manag...

Whereas much social psychological research has studied the in-group and out-group implications of social categorization and collective identity ("we"), little research has examined the nature and relevance of collective psychological ownership ("ours") for intergroup relations. We make a case for considering collective psychological ownership as an important source of intergroup tensions. We do...

the aim of this research is survey of bandura theoretical foundation of self efficacy include psychological, social, and philosophical base. in this research use analytic – deduction research method to achieve the aim. thus as psychological basis, the concepts of reciprocal determinism, consciousness, learning and finally the human agency will be discussed. under the social basis the effect of ...