The electric field applied between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a metallic surface is shown to induce the reversible trans-cis isomerization of single azobenzene derivatives adsorbed on a Au(111) surface. The investigated molecule is symmetrically equipped with four tert-butyl groups, which decouple the azobenzene core from the metallic surface, facilitating the formation of h...

This study investigated theoretical photoinduced charge transport in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell controlled by an external electric field. Our method for visualizing charge difference density identified the excited state properties of photoinduced charge transfer, and the charge transfer excited states were distinguished from local excited states during electronic transitions. Furthe...

Amplitude and phase measurements of the near-field generated by isolated subwavelength apertures in a gold film are presented. The near-field distribution of such a structure is complex and the measured signal strongly depends on the electric field components effectively detected by the experimental setup. By comparing this signal with 3D vectorial calculations we are able to determine which el...

loss is one of the most common and very distressing side effects of cancer therapy. Because of it, prevention of alopecia should be an important part of treatment. Various physical and pharmacological methods have been used with only moderate success until now. Although the scalp tourniquet method causes moderate hair preservation, this process is time-consuming, uncomfortable and may lead to i...

We have studied electric-field-induced Raman scattering in SrTiO3 thin films using an indium-tin-oxide/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 structure grown by pulsed laser deposition. The soft mode polarized along the field becomes Raman active. Experimental data for electric-field-induced hardening of the soft modes and the tuning of the static dielectric constant are in agreement described by the Lyddane-Sachs-Tell...

The nonlinear response of noninteracting sBlochd electrons is examined within a nonequilibrium formalism on the infinite-dimensional hypercubic lattice. We examine the effects of a spatially uniform, but time-varying electric field signoring magnetic-field effectsd. The electronic Green’s functions, Wigner density of states, and time-varying current are all determined and analyzed. We study bot...

Space charge formation in polymeric materials can cause some serious concern for design engineers as the electric field may severely be distorted, leading to part of the material being overstressed. At the worst, this may result in material degradation and possibly premature failure. It is therefore important to understand charge generation, trapping, and detrapping processes in the material. I...

An (n, 1) string is a bound state of a D-string and n fundamental strings. It may be described by a D-string with a world volume electric field turned on. As the electric field approaches its critical value, n becomes large. We calculate the 4-point function for transverse oscillations of an (n, 1) string, and the two-point function for massless closed strings scattering off an (n, 1) string. I...

We investigate potential benefits of measuring the vertical electric field component in addition to the routinely measured horizontal electric field components in onshore time-lapse controlled-source electromagnetics. Synthetic electromagnetic data based on a model of the Schoonebeek onshore oil field are used. We confirm that the vertical electric field component is more sensitive to small cha...

Photorefractive ~PR! polymers are promising for use in various applications that require fast response times. The main factors that determine the PR speed in polymers are photoconductivity and chromophore reorientation in an electric field. In this article, we investigate the chromophore reorientational dynamics in various PR composites using the electric field second harmonic generation ~EFISH...