Light source The ‘swinging light test’ is used to detect a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD): a means of detecting differences between the two eyes in how they respond to a light shone in one eye at a time. The test can be very useful for detecting unilateral or asymmetrical disease of the retina or optic nerve (but only optic nerve disease that occurs in front of the optic chiasm). The phy...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the duties of regional healthcare workers (Behvarzes) regarding healthcare of pupils in the rural areas of Iran. METHOD This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007-2008 on 384 pupils and their school managers in the rural areas of Sharbabak in Kerman, Iran. The research population was evaluated with separate questionnaires for the managers and the pupi...

A survey of 1.3 million schoolchildren in Zimbabwe identified a total of 278 pupils with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), giving a prevalence of 1 in 4728. Pupils with OCA were identified in every province of the country, but the distribution was not even. In certain areas, notably the capital, Harare, and the eastern province of Manicaland, the frequency was significantly higher than in others. ...

An epidemiological survey of dental caries and oral hy­ giene o f Afrikaansand English-speaking pupils was undertaken in upper and lower socio-economic areas. Dental caries affected 99,7 per cent o f the pupils (mean age 16,3 years). In general Afrikaans-speaking pupils had significantly higher mean and median DMFTscores than English-speaking pupils, although this is not clini­ cally relevant. ...

This paper reports the results obtained with a group of 24 14-year-old pupils when presented with sits of 'algebra tasks by the Leeds Modelling System, LMS. Four months later, these same pupils were given a comparable paper-and-pencil test and detailed interviews. A comparison between these sets of results is presented. The results obtained on the paper-and-pencil test and the interviews were c...

There is a striking correlation between terrestrial species' pupil shape and ecological niche (that is, foraging mode and time of day they are active). Species with vertically elongated pupils are very likely to be ambush predators and active day and night. Species with horizontally elongated pupils are very likely to be prey and to have laterally placed eyes. Vertically elongated pupils create...

Careers provision for young people in the UK is being re-formulated on the basis of a central role for career websites but this policy is based on unproven assumptions about their value. In this article we consider the use and impact of the two main career websites in Scotland on pupils' career management skills. We found that pupils at risk of not achieving positive post-school destinations we...

The purpose of this study was to find out (a) how pupils approach and carry out open-ended investigations, and (b) the difficulties that they face when carrying out such investigations. The study was conducted in a class of 39 primary six pupils of mixed ability who carried out four investigations. Data were based on pupil’s questions, planning sheets and written reports, observations, field no...

BACKGROUND Food and drink purchasing habits of pupils out of school at lunchtime may be contributing to poor dietary intakes and overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to identify the places from which purchases were made, types of food and drinks purchased and, the reasons for purchasing food or drinks out of school. METHODS A survey of the food and drinks purchasing habits of sec...

Anisocoria during anesthesia is very rare, but may indicate life-threatening neurologic injuries and create tremendous condition. A 23-year-old male patient was anesthetized with fentanyl and propofol. Thirty minutes after inducing anesthesia, unilateral mydriasis was detected. The duration of surgery was shortened for prompt evaluation of the pupils. At the end of the operation neither vision ...