One of the most important themes in agricultural science is the identification of virulence factors involved in plant disease. Here, we show that a single virulence factor, tengu-su inducer (TENGU), induces witches' broom and dwarfism and is a small secreted protein of the plant-pathogenic bacterium, phytoplasma. When tengu was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, these plants showed symp...

An automatic custom-made procedure is developed to identify macroplastic debris loads in coastal and marine environment, through hyperspectral imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Results obtained during a remote-sensing field campaign carried out the seashore of Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) are presented. A push-broom-sensor-based spectral device, onboard DJI Matrice 600 drone, was emplo...

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technology that has gained significant attention in the medical field due to its ability provide precise and accurate of biological tissues. The current methods hyperspectral imaging, such as filter-wheel, snapshot, line-scanning, push-broom cameras have limitations low spatial spectral resolution, slow acquisition time. New developments on light sh...

P, Dentith H, Smith D. A concurrent outbreak of Barmah Forest and Ross River disease in Nhulunbuy, Northern Territory. Comm Dis Intell (Aust) 1992;16:110-1. 10. Broom AK, Mackenzie JS, Lindsay MD, Wright AE. Epidemiology of Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses in Western Australia, 1980-89. Arbovirus Research in Australia 1989;5:14-8. CSIRO and Queensland Institute of Medical Research....

On Eccentric Graphs of Broom Graphs S. Sriram, D. Ranganayakulu, Ibrahim Venkat 3 and K.G. Subramanian Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Valliammai Engineering College, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 Email: [email protected] Department of Mathematics, S.I.V.E.T College, Gowrivakkam, Chennai 600 073 Email: [email protected] School of Computer Science, Universiti Sain...

The concept of sentience concerns the capacity to have feelings. There is evidence for sophisticated cognitive concepts and for both positive and negative feelings in a wide range of nonhuman animals. All vertebrates, including fish, as well as some molluscs and decapod crustaceans have pain systems. Most people today consider that their moral obligations extend to many animal species. Moral de...

BACKGROUND The research was carried out within the course of two years (2005-2006) in four countries from southern, southeast and eastern parts of Europe: Bulgaria, Italy, Macedonia and Romania. The data are collected mainly from Bulgaria and Italy and are compared with those from Macedonia and Romania. METHODS The information was gathered largely from literature as well as field collected da...

Semantic knowledge may be organized in terms of similarity relations based on shared features and/or complementary relations based on co-occurrence in events. Thus, relationships between manipulable objects such as tools may be defined by their functional properties (what the objects are used for) or thematic properties (e.g., what the objects are used with or on). A recent study from our labor...

in reinforced concrete design, there are situations where transfer of shear across a specific plane needs to be considered. examples of such situation include corbels, bearing shoes, ledger beam bearing, and a host of connection between precast concrete elements. in this study, the shear transfer behavior of reinforced concrete is investigated experimentally by conducting test on 6 precracked p...

the objective of this study was to determine the effects of grasp conditions (types of grasp, grasp width, glove and types of coupling) on maximal pushing force (mpf) and required pinch force (rpf) during snap fit assembly. the results indicated that the type of grasp, the type of coupling and wearing gloves have significant (p